1. View (virtual table)

2. View A VIEW is a virtual table A view contains rows and columns, just like a real table. The fields in a view are fields from one or more real tables in the database. A view is a table whose rows are not explicitly stored in the database. A view does not require a disk space

3. View Advantages of view Restrict access to the data because the view can display selective columns from the table Make simple query to retrieve the results of complicated queries ie without writing join statements One view can retrieve data from several tables Views create with a check option, to prevent updating of other rows and columns View allow same data to seen by different users in different ways at the same time

4. View Views are two types Simple Views & Complex Views Simple View Derived from only one table Can perform DML operations through the view Complex View Derived from many tables Does not always allow DML operations through the view

5. View Syntax : CREATE [OR REPLACE] VIEW view_name AS Subquery [WITH CHECK OPTION][WITH READ ONLY] OR REPLACE:- is used to re-create the view if it already exists without having to drop it first. Subquery:- is a complete SELECT statement WITH CHECK OPTION :- specifies that only those rows that are accessible to the view can be inserted or updated WITH READ ONLY:- ensure that no DML operations can be performed on this view

6. View Example CREATE VIEW EMP AS SELECT EMP_ID,EMP_NAME,AGE FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE AGE>45; To describe the structure of the view by using DESC EMP;

7. View Retrieving data from a View SELECT * FROM VIEW; Rename the column of a view CREATE VIEW EMP (ID,NAME,EMP_AGE)AS SELECT EMP_ID,EMP_NAME,AGE FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE AGE>45;

8. View Creating a complex view Contain values from more tables If a view is created from multiple table, which where created using reference key then, through the primary key column as well as the NOT NULL column are included in the view The view behavior will be as An insert operation is not allowed If a delete operation is executed on the view, the corresponding records, from the detail table will be deleted The view can be used to modify the columns of the detail table included in the view

9. View Syntax Create view viewnane as select table1.column,.. table2.column,, from table1,table2 where expression1=expression2;

10. View CUSTOMER CUSTOMER1 If we want to create a view named comp_view Create view comp_view select cid,cname,dname from customer C, customer1 C1 where C.deptno=C1.deptno; Select * from comp_view; CIDCNAMEDEPTNO 101RAVI10 102ANI20 103AJAY30 104MANOJ40 105RAJESH50 DEPTNODNAME 10CSE 30IT 40EC 50ME CIDCNAMEDNAME 101RAVICSE 103AJAYIT 104MANOJEC 105RAJESHME

11. View Updatable & No updatable Views Views on which data manipulation can be done are called updatable views All views are not updatable Conditions for updatable view are Views must be derived from a single table For insert operation:- then primary key column and all NOT NULL columns must be included in the view Cannot update, if view is derived using GROUP BY clause Cannot update, if view is derived using DISTINCT Cannot update, if view is derived using nested Subquery Cannot update, if view is derived from another view The view definition must not include union, intersection, Minus clause

12. View Simple View Insert row in view Insert into emp_view values(109,’appu’,900,’manager’); This SQL insert the row in base table and the view both Modify view Update emp_view set salary=7000 where ename=‘appu’; This SQL update both base table & view Delete Delete from emp_view where ename=‘appu’;

13. View Complex view Created from more than one table create table tab1(rollno int, name char(10) not null, age int not null, primary key(rollno)) create table tab2(mid int, rollno int references tab1(rollno), mark int, primary key(mid)) create or replace view v1 as select tab1.rollno,tab1.name,tab2.mark from tab1,tab2 where tab1.rollno=tab2.rollno ROLLNONAMEAGE 1aji20 2saji30 MIDROLLNOMARK 11100 2190 ROLLNONAMEMARK 1aji100 1aji90

14. View Complex view insert into v1 values(2,'raj',50) Display an error cannot modify a column which maps to a non key- preserved table update v1 set name='kittu' where rollno=1 Display an error cannot modify a column which maps to a non key- preserved table

15. View Read only views A view that cannot modify Create view v2 as select name,age from tab1 where rollno=1 with read only Removing views Drop view view name;

16. View