1. 192 Ahmad Block, New Garden Town, Lahore - Pakistan.
Ph: (92-42) , Fax: (92-42)

2. Murabahah
Abdul Samad
AlHuda CIBE

3. Presentation Outline
This module will highlight the following aspects of Murabaha:
Step by Step Murabaha Financing
Documentation
Profit Calculation
Issues
Conclusion

4. Murabaha - Definition /Introduction
In literary terms Ba’y Murabaha means “sale on profit”
Murabaha is a particular kind of sale where the seller discloses its cost and profit charged thereon.
The price in this sale can be both on spot and deferred

5. MFI Murabaha
The product of Murabaha that is being used in MFI MFIing as a mode of finance is something different from the Murabaha used in normal trade.
This transaction is concluded with a prior promise to buy, submitted by a person interested in acquiring good through the institution.

6. MFI Murabaha
It is a contract wherein the institution, upon request by the customer, purchases an asset from the third party usually a supplier/vendor and resells the same to the customer either against immediate payment or on a deferred payment basis. 
It is called Murabaha to the purchase order.
It is a bunch of contracts completed in steps and ultimately meet the financial needs of the client.

7. Scope of Murabaha
  As it is a kind of sale, there must be a seller and buyer and something that is bought and sold. The institution is the seller and the client is buyer. 
 It cannot be used as a substitute for running finance facility, which provides cash for fulfilling various need of the client.
It is fixed price sale and normally is done for short term.
The transaction can be used in order to meet the working capital requirement however it cannot be used to meet liquidity requirements.

8. Step by Step Murabaha Financing
Client and MFI sign an Agreement to enter into Murabaha (MMFA).
Agreement to Murabaha
MFI
Client

9. Step by step Murabaha Financing
Client appointed as Agent to purchase goods on MFI’s behalf. In this case, the concerned branch Manager will explain the appointment of client as an Agent, which will be checked by the Shariah Advisor.
Agency Agreement
MFI
Client

10. Step by step Murabaha Financing
MFI gives money to agent/supplier for purchase of goods.
Disbursement to the agent or supplier
Agency
Agreement
Supplier
Agreement to Murabaha
MFI
Client

11. Step by Step Murabaha Financing
The agent takes possession of goods on MFI’s behalf.
Transfer of Risk
Delivery of goods
Vendor
MFI
Agent

12. Step by Step Murabaha Financing
Client makes an offer to purchase the goods from MFI through a declaration.
Offer to purchase
MFI
Client

13. Step by step Murabaha Financing
MFI accepts the offer and sale is concluded.
Murabaha Agreement +
Transfer of Title
MFI
Client

14. Step by step Murabaha Financing
Client pays agreed price to MFI according to an agreed schedule. Usually on a deferred payment basis (Bai Muajjal)
Payment of Price
MFI
Client

15. Steps Of MFI Murabaha MOU  Order Form Purchase
Agency Agreement
Purchase
Payment of Purchase Price‌
Possession
Offer and Acceptance (Declaration)
Payment of Murabaha Price

16. Murabaha Documentations
There are a number of documents involved in a Murabaha financing transaction. The most essential of these documents are:
Master Murabaha Facility Agreement
Agency Agreement
Order Form
Description of assets
Declaration
Summary Payment Schedule

17. ISSUES RELATED TO MURABAHA

18. Issues Related To Murabaha
Filling/Signing of All Documents Simultaneously
In certain transactions, the MFI obtained the complete set of signed Murabaha transaction documents from the customer before actual execution of transaction.
Solution
Shariah Compliance officer should physically check such irregularity leads to non-compliance of the transaction.

19. EVIDENCE OF PURCHASE Issue
In certain transactions MFIs do not obtains sufficient/appropriate evidences of purchase and delivery of goods.
Due to certain reasons the MFI makes purchases in the name of the customer and the invoices and other title documents are in the name of the customer.
Solution
The MFI should perform some alternative procedures in order to conform the bonafides of the execution of transaction. e.g. To obtain Gate pass, Weighbridge slips Stock record etc.
It is recommended that in such cases of Murabaha, the MFI should make payment directly to the suppliers and physical surveys of the goods should be performed on a test basis. Evidence of receipt of goods should also be obtained.

20. PHYSICAL VERIFICATION OF GOOD
ISSUE
3. Generally the MFI takes the constructive possession, while the customer actually receives the delivery of the goods. There is risk that Murabaha transaction may be executed prior to the procurement of goods, which will render the Murabaha transaction as being mere financing rather than trading.
Solution
Keeping in view the issue physical surveys of the goods should be performed on a test basis.
As an alternate, evidence of receipt of goods including third party evidence should be ensured.

21. DELAYED DECLARATIION Issue
In certain transactions MFIs receive declaration of the purchased goods after significant delay. So there is risk that goods might already have been used/sold by the customer.
Solution
Murabaha transaction should be executed as soon the goods purchased by the customer.

22. ABSENCE OF DATES ON DECLARATION & INVISES
Issue
Absence of date on invoices and declaration may arise a question with regard to the permissibility or otherwise of the Murabaha sate transaction.
Solution
No invoices with out date shall be accepted and the management should remain vigilant to avoid such weaknesses.

23. DIFFRENCE IN QUANTITIES
Issue
Difference in quantities of commodity being purchased under Murabaha as per Declaration and the invoices creates a conflict within Murabaha documentation.
Solution
The quantities as per “Declaration” should be similar to that of invoices presented unless a transaction involves joint purchases with customer.
Where transaction involves joint purchases, the client must give a letter inducting clearly the amount purchased for himself.
Purchases of shares are a good example of such case.

24. DISCOUNTS IN MURABAHA Issue Solution
It is a general practice, e.g. in Pharmaceutical industry that discounts are awarded to the suppliers at the end of the year.
The MFI generally do not claim any discounts in this regards at the end of the year.
Solution
The MFI should ensure discounts (if any) available from supplier should be transferred to it.

25. REBATE
Issue
In certain cases the MFI promises to gives rebate to the customer if the customer settles the transaction before the actual repayment date.
Solution
The MFI should not agree to give rebate to the clients in the beginning of transaction and in every case of rebate, MFI should refer to Shariah Advisor.

26. PRICING IN MURABAHA Issue Solution
In most of the cases of import Murabaha, the MFIs do not consider custom duty, LC charges etc in their pricing mechanism and the customer borne all these charges.
Solution
These charges related to the ownership of the asset and should be borne by the MFI instead of the customer. The MFI may add these charges in the cost of Murabaha asset.

27. 192 Ahmad Block, New Garden Town, Lahore - Pakistan.
Ph: (92-42) , Fax: (92-42)