1. ANIMAL FARM
Test Review

2. Characters For each character, you should know: Description
Important Actions
Friends/allies or enemies of importance
Who they parallel in Russian history
How they parallel Russian history
Characters: Old Major, Napoleon, Snowball, Boxer, Clover, Benjamin, Mollie, Squealer, Moses, Minimus, Frederick, Pilkington

3. Old Major
Is a very important character in the story, although he is only present in the first chapter.
He came up with the idea of Animalism and gave the big speech in the beginning of the novel.
Declared all men enemies and all animals comrades.
He inspired the revolution, but died before it happened.
He symbolizes Marx and Lenin because they came up with the idea of Communism

4. Napoleon A large pig who became the tyrant leader of Animal Farm.
He was a “behind the scenes” type of leader.
Napoleon had a pack of dogs around him at all times for protection.
He was responsible for many changes on the farm that went against Animalism.
He had Snowball run off the farm and killed other animals for associating with Snowball (used him as a scapegoat).
At the end of the novel he changed the name of the farm back to Manor Farm
He represents Stalin
He drove out Snowball, like Stalin exiled Trotsky

5. Snowball Other pig lead during the revolution.
Snowball is a good leader who makes lots of speeches and is a military mastermind
Commanded Battle of Cowshed
He wanted to build the windmill and to make the farm better
Doesn’t like Napoleon – competes with him for leadership until he is run off the farm
Parallels Trotsky

6. Boxer
Hard working horse and is very loyal to whoever the leader is, kind of stupid
Worked overtime to build windmill – nearly worked himself to death
Friends with Benjamin and Clover
Works hard for the communist goals
Says, “I will work harder” and “Napoleon is always right”
Is sent to the slaughter house instead of the hospital
Represents the blind followers of Communism and the working class

7. Clover
Clover is a kind horse who questions some of the pigs’ behavior.
She notices when the commandments change, but can’t read them
Close friends with Boxer

8. Benjamin Old, stubborn donkey who doesn’t believe in Animalism
He doesn’t think Animalism will make any difference. He does not change his behavior after the revolution.
He is the only one who realizes that Boxer is being sent to the slaughter house.
He finally reads the single commandment to Clover at the end of the novel
The only friend he had was Boxer
He represents the cynics who don’t believe in communism

9. Mollie Mollie is a horse who only cares about herself.
She did not want to rebel and did not help during the Battle of Cowshed.
She only cares about being able to wear ribbons and eat lump sugar
She does not work for Animal Farm, and finally runs away
She represents the upper class people in the Russian revolution who do not support communism – they want to keep their money and luxuries for themselves

10. Squealer
Pig who is in charge of explaining changes to the other animals
Get excited very easily – skips around and moves his tail when talking to the other animals
Tells animals to always believe in Napoleon.
Changes commandments as the pigs change the rules
Is faithful to Napoleon
Represents the use of propaganda during the Russian revolution (the pigs need the milk and apples, instilling fear that Jones might come back, etc)

11. Moses
Moses is a raven who spreads the good word of Sugar Candy Mountain – where he believes animals go when they die
Represents the Russian Orthodox Church – neutral toward the idea of Animalism
In the revolution the priests dreamed of good things like mosses dreams of a good place.
He does no work but he still gets food and beer

12. Other Animals to Know
Minimus - Pig who writes songs and poems for Napoleon
Frederick – neighboring farmer who pays counterfeit money for the timber, then blows up the 2nd windmill
Pilkington – neighboring farmer who gets mad at Napoleon when he sells timber to Frederick – tells Napoleon, “Serves you right,” when the windmill is attacked

13. Class Discussion Topics
What changes occur on Animal Farm?
Why can the pigs get away with these changes?
How are Napoleon and Jones alike?
What does “some animals are more equal than others” mean?
Explain the last line of the book – why is it difficult to distinguish the pigs from the men?

14. Changes on Animal Farm
7 commandment arrive, but get changed throughout the novel
Farm changed from Manor Farm to Animal Farm, then back again
At first, more food/successful harvests; then things change for the worse
New Flag (flag with horn and hoof representing the communist hammer and sickle); later is just a green flag
All the animals are happier at first, then just happy to be working for themselves and free of humans
The pigs were not considered equal to other animals – they had many privileges
Committees
Reading and writing classes
Building the windmill and rebuilding it
Doing business with outside farms through Mr. Whymper
Taking eggs from the hens
More work, less leisure time
No one ever retires

15. Why can the pigs get away with these changes?
Because the pigs are smarter and can trick the other animals
The other animals can’t remember the past very well
Squealer is extremely convincing and uses propaganda
The pigs told the animals that if they were not in power that Jones would return
Things are still better than when Jones was on the farm and in charge
The animals are happy to be working for themselves even if the conditions aren’t great

16. How are Napoleon and Jones alike?
They are both Tyrants and need power
They are both get more food, rest, luxuries and power
They are both do less work than the rest of the farm workers
They are both wear clothes, and walk on two legs, carry a whip, and are tyrants
They are both cruel leaders.

17. What does “some animals are more equal than others” mean?
That some animals are “BETTER” than other animals such as the pigs and dogs
Not every animal is equal because the pigs get many more privileges (eat apples, milk, drink alcohol, sleep in beds, walk on their hind legs)
Some animals are more the same than others and deserve more than others

18. Explain the last line of the book – why is it difficult to distinguish the pigs from the men?
That the pigs have become so corrupt with power that they look exactly like man, fat drunk and tyrannical
This passage is also saying how humans can act like pigs by being greedy, rude, etc.

19. Terms
Be able to define these terms and explain how they relate to Animal Farm
Allegory
Fable
Symbolism
Satire

20. Allegory
A symbolic story where the characters and plot are to be understood as representing something else that occurred. There is a hidden meaning behind the story.
Animal farm is symbolic of the rise and decline of communism and the Russian revolution. The animals represent specific people from history. The story is not really about animals on a farm.

21. Fable
A short story meant to teach a lesson and usually end with a moral. Characters are usually animals.
Animal farm is a fable – the characters are animals and the author is teaching lessons not only about communism, but about human nature and the desire for power and greed.

22. Satire
The use of irony, sarcasm, ridicule, to expose or criticize human vices.
Animal Farm exposes the thoughtless, reckless behavior of humankind in general and specific to the rise and fall of Communism

23. Symbolism
The use of people or objects to represent other real- life objects, ideas or themes
Animal Farm uses TONS of symbolism
animals symbolize people (ex. Snowball symbolizes Trotsky)
objects symbolize past struggles (ex. The windmill symbolizes the desire for industrialization in Russia)

24. Propaganda
Know each the following techniques, decide if they are used in the novel and when:
Rhetorical Questions
Emotional Appeal
Logical Lies
Fear
Finger Pointing
Lying
Using confusing/complicated language