1. World Health Organization Department of Human Resources for Health What can we learn from country studies? Barbara Stilwell Marjolein Dieleman

2. World Health Organization Department of Human Resources for Health Reviewed  11 country HR assessments  Varying methods – most document reviews  Assessments reviewed: Malawi, Lesotho, Ethiopia, Zambia, Botswana, Swaziland, Mozambique, The Gambia, Ghana, Tanzania  Heavy focus on WHO funded studies, but others included too

3. World Health Organization Department of Human Resources for Health Challenges identified  Poor information systems  Need to improve recruitment, retention, motivation  Lack of career pathways  Internal structural fragmentation  Impact of decentralization  Need for public-private sector cooperation  Linking pre-service education to national health policies

4. World Health Organization Department of Human Resources for Health Implementation  Poor record of policy implementation  The role of donors and other agencies in providing (and withdrawing) funds to support workforce development

5. World Health Organization Department of Human Resources for Health Technical inputs  Information systems and costing models  Educational methods and curriculum review  Feasibility studies  Monitoring and evaluation of changes  Improving management  Workload studies to improve performance and productivity

6. World Health Organization Department of Human Resources for Health Process expertise  Negotiation, ensuring stakeholder involvement, advocacy and communication, management, implementation of strategies, leadership and institutional strengthening  Setting up in-country discussion forums  Manage processes of change to ensure implementation – long term?

7. World Health Organization Department of Human Resources for Health Some comments  Fate of studies unknown – no follow-up identified – reference to other studies and their fate not known either  Is there a need for standards or checklist for reviews and reviewers?  How do we, as a community of practice, ensure that we build our knowledge base?  Can a network support knowledge generation?