1. GEN 300 WS3: Research Joseph Lewis Aguirre Critical Thinking & Computer Logic

2. 1. Evaluating sources a. Considerations 1) Credibility 2) Accuracy 3) Fairness and objectivity 4) Corroboration b. Scholarly sources 1) Characteristics a) Peer-reviewed b) Authorship and credentials c) Accuracy d) Goals of site e) Access f) Rated by a reputable rating group g) Associated with a reputable organization WS1: Evaluating Resources

3. 2) Examples a) Government sites b) University web sites c) Professional organizations d) Professional journals online c. Non-scholarly sources 1) Characteristics a) Based on opinion b) No supporting evidence or research c) Site meant for commercial or entertainment purposes d) Lack of author's credentials e) Currency of information 2) Examples a) Personal Web pages and Web logs b) Bulletin boards c) Chat rooms WS1: Evaluating Resources- Cont

4. a. Resources in the University Library 1) Major databases a) Proquest b) EBSCOhost c) Thompson Gale PowerSearchTM (formerly InfoTrac OneFile) 2) Other databases a) Factiva b) Educational Pathways (EdPath) c) Economist.com d) Business Insights e) Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center F) PsycARTICLES g) Policy Central 3) Other resources in the University Library a) Company Directories and Financials b) Country Profiles and Economic Data c) Writing and Publishing Resources WS1: Using the Library

5. b. Finding information in the University Library 1) Keyword searches a) Boolean searches b) Wildcard searches 2) Other ways to search a) Choose Databases by Subject b) View All Databases Alphabetically c) Find a Specific Periodical d) Ask a Librarian WS1: Using the Library

6. a. What is plagiarism? 1) A form of dishonesty 2) Failure to acknowledge sources 3) Representing someone else's work as your own 4) Intentional or unintentional 5) Examples a) Cutting and pasting paragraphs from the Internet b) Over use of direct quotes b. Integrating sources into a paper (in-text/parenthetical citations) 1) Summarizing 2) Paraphrasing 3) Direct quotes 4) Documenting sources WS1: Plagiarism

7. a. The key to proper placement is clarity. b. The reader should clearly understand what material has been borrowed and what material represents the student's own ideas. c. In-text citation for paraphrase or summary where author's name is not mentioned in body of the text includes: 1) Author's last name 2) Date of publication d. In-text citation for direct quote where author's name is not mentioned in body of the text includes: 1) Author's last name 2) Date of publication 3) Page or paragraph number WS1: APA Citations

8. e. In-text citation for paraphrase or summary where author's name is mentioned in body of the text includes: - Date of publication f. In-text citation for direct quote where author's name is mentioned in body of the text includes 1) Date of publication 2) Page or paragraph number g. Refer to APA Manual/CWE citation examples for the proper format of citations. h. Do not use URLs in in-text citations WS1: APA Citations

9. 5. APA reference pages a. Different than bibliography or a work-cited page b. Must include all cited sources except personal communications c. Sources not cited are not included d. Format 1) Sources listed alphabetically 2) Hanging indent 3) Refer to APA Manual/CWE reference page examples for the proper format of specific reference types. WS1: APA Citations

10. a. Presentation Participants 1) Everyone participates 2) Know your material 3) Notes are permissible 4) Conduct a discussion b. The presentation should: 1) Reflect your team paper 2) Fit into the time limit 3) Have the required elements a) Introduction (1) Team members' names (2) Main points of the presentation b) Body c) Conclusion WS1: Presentations

11. c) Conclusion (1) Summarize main points (2) Call to action c. The material should: 1) Demonstrate content knowledge 2) Have appropriate APA formatted citations 3) Echo relevant experience from team members d. Using Microsoft(r) PowerPoint(r) 1) Have no more than 7 bullet points per slide 2) Use graphics and sound where appropriate e. Helpful Hints 1) Relax 2) Introductions 3) Move freely 4) Solicit questions WS1: Presentations- cont

12. Between countries – the global digital divide Between groups of people within countries - the domestic digital divide Digital Divide

13. 2 billion people lack access to reliable electricity As much as 80% of the world's population has never made a phone call Phones and Electricity

14. More telephones in New York City than in all of rural Asia In the entire continent of Africa, there are a mere 14 million phone lines -- fewer than in either Manhattan or Tokyo. Phones and Electricity

15. More Internet accounts in London than all of Africa One in two Americans is online, compared with only one in 250 Africans. Internet Accounts and Hosts

16. Of all the Internet users worldwide, 60 per cent reside in North America, where a mere five per cent of the world's population reside Wealthy nations comprise some 16 per cent of the world's population, but command 90 per cent of Internet host computers. Internet Accounts and Hosts

17. Developed states: 311.2 per 1,000 Globally: 70.6 PCs per 1,000 South Asia: 2.9 per 1,000 Sub-Saharan Africa: 0.75 per 1,000 Digital Divide: PCs

18. The vast capacity of the Internet is distributed highly unevenly throughout the world. By late 2000 the bulk of Internet connectivity linked the US with Europe (56 Gbps) and, to a lesser extent, the US with the Asia-Pacific region (18 Gbps). Africa had extremely little bandwidth reaching Europe (0.2 Gbps) and the USA (0.5 Gbps) Digital Divide: BW

19. Internet access costs (as a percentage of average monthly income) –US: 1 to 2 percent –Uganda: over 100 percent –Bangladesh: 191 percent Digital Divide: Costs

20. Access costs (ISP, and telephone call costs) are almost four times as expensive in the Czech Republic and Hungary as in the United States In Bangladesh a computer costs the equivalent of eight years average pay Digital Divide: Costs

21. McConnell International "E-Business report –Europe (including Eastern Europe) and Latin America rated well –Middle East and Africa needed to significantly develop their human capital –Asia had a mixed scorecard Digital Divide: Technical Training

22. Global Perspective There are an estimated 429 million people online globally 429 million represents only 6% of the worlds entire population. 41% of the global online population is in the United States & Canada 27% of the online population lives in Europe, the Middle East and Africa (25% of European Homes are online) 20% of the online population logs on from Asia Pacific (33% of all Asian Homes are online) Only 4% of the worlds online population are in South America The United States has more computers than the rest of the world combined (Source: First Quarter 2001 Global Internet Trends, Neilsen/Netratings) Fact Sheet

23. Among highly developed nations: 61% of Internet connections are in Sweden Spain trails the list with only 20% of its homes connected. The Pew Internet and American Life Project published in Whos Not Online that 57% of those not online have no intention of going online. 33% of those people have chosen to not go online. Among the biggest reasons were lack of need (40%); no computer (33%); no interest (25%); lack of knowledge for use (25%); and general cost involved (16%). U.S. Perspective In fall of 2000, the U.S. Department of Commerce found that 51% of all U.S. homes had a computer; 41.5% of all U.S. homes had Internet access White (46.1%) and Asian American & Pacific Islander (56.8%) households continued to have Internet access at levels more than double those of Black (23.5%) and Hispanic (23.6%) households. 86.3% of households earning $75,000 and above per year had Internet access compared to 12.7% of households earning less than $15,000 per year. Nearly 65% of college graduates have home Internet access; only 11.7% of households headed by persons with less than a high school education have Internet access. Rural areas, though still lagging behind urban areas, had surpassed inner-cities in Internet availability and use: Fact Sheet (Cont)