1. Temperature and thermal equilibrium
Hot Cold

2. Thermometer

3. Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin
Andres Celsius ( ). Celsius’ scale relates to the freezing temperature of water
0°C
and the boiling temperature of water
100°C

4. TF=9/5 In mid. continental Russia schools
are closed when temperatures reaches
-35ºC
What is the temperature in Fahrenheit's?

5. Temperature is proportional to the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules: T~KE

6. Lord Kelvin
Kelvin’s scale related to the absolute zero – the point where nothing else can be colder. For the ideal gas, the volume would have reached 0
P (Pa)
T (°C)

7. Conversion of T scales:

8. Thermal expansion

10. NORMAL SOLIDS

12. coefficient of linear expansion LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION OF A SOLID
The length of an object changes when its temperature changes:
coefficient of
linear expansion
Common Unit for the Coefficient of Linear Expansion:

14. Example 3 The Buckling of a Sidewalk
A concrete sidewalk is constructed between
two buildings on a day when the temperature
is 25oC. As the temperature rises to 38oC,
the slabs expand, but no space is provided for
thermal expansion. Determine the distance y in part (b) of the drawing.

15. THE BIMETALLIC STRIP

17. Conceptual Example 5 The Expansion of Holes
The figure shows eight square tiles that are arranged to form a square pattern
with a hold in the center. If the tiled are heated, what happens to the size of the
hole?

18. Conceptual Example 7 Expanding Cylinders
Each cylinder is made from a different material.
All three have the same temperature and they
barely fit inside each other.
As the cylinders are heated to the same,
but higher, temperature, cylinder C falls
off, while cylinder A becomes tightly wedged
to cylinder B.
Which cylinder is made from which material?

19. coefficient of volume expansion VOLUME THERMAL EXPANSION
The volume of an object changes when its temperature changes:
coefficient of
volume expansion
Common Unit for the Coefficient of Volume Expansion:

20. An Automobile Radiator
A small plastic container, called the coolant reservoir, catches
the radiator fluid that overflows when an automobile engine
becomes hot. The radiator is made of
copper and the coolant has an
expansion coefficient of
4.0x10-4 (Co)-1. If the radiator
is filled to its 15-quart capacity
when the engine is cold (6oC),
how much overflow will spill into the
reservoir when the coolant reaches its
operating temperature (92oC)?

21. Why do they tell you to leave a faucet slightly open in the winter up north? .

22. HEAT
The process by which energy is exchanged between objects because of a difference in their temperatures.
SI: [J] – joules
James Joule

23. 12.6 Heat and Internal Energy
DEFINITION OF HEAT
Heat is energy that flows from a higher-
temperature object to a lower-temperature
object because of a difference in temperatures.
SI Unit of Heat: joule (J)

24. Heat / Energy / Work units

25. 3 types of energy transfer
Conduction
Convection
Radiation

26. Conduction
the process whereby energy is transferred directly through a material without any bulk motion of its particles.
Conduction is mostly common in solids.
Depending on whether materials conduct heat easily, they are divided into conductors and insulators.

27. Conduction
k – thermal conductivity

28. Convection
process in which energy is transferred through a material with any bulk motion of its particles.
Convection is common in fluids

29. Convection

30. Radiation
the process in which energy is transferred by means of electromagnetic waves.