1. From The Onion Book of Known Knowledge p. 238

2. Validity and Intangibles

3. From Hoffman, R.R. (2010). HSI metrics and measures. Paper presented at the Undersea Human Systems Integration Symposium 2012, Providence, RI.

4. but Mostly Validity

5. Bias "I am the happiest man alive. I have that in me that can convert poverty into riches, adversity into prosperity, and I am more invulnerable than Achilles; fortune hath not one place to hit me." - Sir Thomas Browne, 1642

6. All inquiry is value-laden - Potts & Newstetter, 1997

7. All researchers have biases All researchers have biases Our biases influence: Our biases influence: How we set-up experiments How we set-up experiments How we interpret data How we interpret data Data on which we focus; data that we ignore Data on which we focus; data that we ignore How study participants respond to the experimental set-up How study participants respond to the experimental set-up How we interact with study participants How we interact with study participants http://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~funkk/Personal/myWorldview.html

8. Ways to Minimize Bias Effects on Research What are some examples of biases? What are some examples of biases?

9. Ways to Minimize Bias Effects on Research How many strategies can you think of??? How many strategies can you think of??? Consider: -Experimental Research -Quasi-Experimental Research -Field Studies -Correlational Research -Naturalistic Research