1. PREAPRED BY; Moneer al-aliowh SUPERVISED BY; D, yshmen al-fholy
Arrhythmia
PREAPRED BY;
Moneer al-aliowh
SUPERVISED BY;
D, yshmen al-fholy

2. Outline;
-Definition Causes- -Signs & symptoms -Complication -ECG criteria -Treatment -Nursing intervention

3. What is an arrhythmia?
An arrhythmia is a change in the regular beat of the heart. The heart may seem to skip a beat or beat irregularly or very fast or very slowly

4. What Causes Arrhythmia?
Many types of heart disease cause arrhythmia. 1- Coronary disease 2- Some people are born with arrhythmias, meaning the condition is congenital. 3-Atherosclerosis. 4- Other medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure. stress, caffeine, smoking, alcohol,

5. Symptoms of Arrhythmia
The most common symptoms of arrhythmia are:
1-palpitations or rapid thumping in your chest
2-feeling tired or light-headed
3-loosing consciousness
4-shortness of breath
5-chest pain.
Complications;
Stroke
Congestive heart failure

6. How are arrhythmias treated. 1-Drugs; One or more drugs may be used
How are arrhythmias treated? 1-Drugs; One or more drugs may be used. 2-Cardioversion; To quickly restore a heart to its normal rhythm, After cardioversion, drugs are usually prescribed to prevent the arrhythmia from recurring. 3-Automatic implantable defibrillators; These devices are used to correct serious ventricular arrhythmias that can lead to sudden death. 4-Artificial pacemaker; An artificial pacemaker can take charge of sending electrical signals to make the heart beat if the heart's natural pacemaker is not working properly or its electrical pathway is blocked. During a simple operation, this electrical device is placed under the skin. it is permanently anchored. 5-Surgery; When an arrhythmia cannot be controlled by other treatments, doctors may perform surgery. After locating the heart tissue that is causing the arrhythmia, the tissue is altered or removed so that it will not produce the arrhythmia

7. ECG criteria;
1. After finding out the patient's medical history, begin by labeling the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, QT interval and T wave.

8. 2-Calculate the atrial and ventricular heart rates
2-Calculate the atrial and ventricular heart rates beats per minute is normal

9. 3- Determine if the rhythm is regular or irregular done by observe the  RR intervals and PP intervals are regularly spaced. 
If the rhythm is irregular, determine if:
              i.   It is occasionally irregular
              ii.   Regularly irregular            
  iii.  Irregularly irregular
Regular rhythm
Irregular rhythm

10. 4-Evaluate the waveform of the EKG in detail for additional clues: a
4-Evaluate the waveform of the EKG in detail for additional clues: a. Determine the shape of the P-wave. Normally, P-waves are upright and each P wave is related to a QRS complex. If inverted, the impulse is spreading from the ventricles to the atria in a retrograde manner.

11. b. Determine if the PR interval is of normal length (0. 12-0
b. Determine if the PR interval is of normal length ( seconds).

12. C-Examine the QRS complexes and determine if the QRS complex is wide or narrow. Narrow QRS complexes (less than 0.12 sec) indicate that the rhythm is supraventricular (originating from above the ventricles). Wide QRS complexes (longer than 0.12 sec), indicate that the rhythm is originating in the ventricles or that there is an intraventicular block

13. d.
Determine if the ST segment is displaced from the mid-line.

14. Nursing intervention;
-Monitoring and management the arrhythmia by; 1-Evaluates blood pressure, pulse rate and rhythm 2-Evaluates rate and depth of respiration, and breath sounds 3-Asks patient about lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting 4-Obtain a12-lead ECG, continuously monitor the patient & analyze rhythm strips if patient in hospital. 5-Assesses and observes antiarrhythmia effectivensse

15. Thank you