3. An Overview of Applied Linguistics

4. What is Applied Linguistics ? Applied linguistics is using what we know about (a) language, (b) how it is learned and (c) how it is used, to achieve some purpose or solve some problem in the real world.

5. What are those purposes ? 1 AAAL ----< 18 2 AILA ----< 47 3 Traditionally: SLA 4 Non-educational areas 5 In cases where language goes wrong

6. The Development of AL Early History 1. Ancient Greek grammar ----- < rhetoric --  philosophy 2. 2 nd half of 18 c. Samuel Johnson (1755) Robert Lowth (1762)

7. 3. 20 th c. I. Grammar-translation method - Description - problems II. Direct method - Description - problems III. Reading method - Description IV. Army method = Audiolingualism - Description VI. UG = Chomsky (1959)

8. V. UG = Chomsky (1959) VI. Communicative competence = Hymes (1972) VII Functional grammar = Halliday (1973) VIII. Needs analysis - functions - notions

9. XI. Monitor theory = Krashen (1982) comprehensible input

11. Communicative language teaching (CLT) - advantage - disadvantage Language assessment Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) Corpus linguistics

12. Incorporating Social/ Cultural and Contextual Elements into A The study of mind and mental attributes such as language were part of philosophy Wundt (1977) Split psychology into two strands.

13. Psychology physiologicalsocial

14. Saussure (1966) Language Langue competence Parole performance

15. Labov (1970) -S-Sociolinguistics -P-Pragmatics -D-Discourse Analysis - Sociocultural Theory