1. NURS 330 Human Reproductive Health
October 17, 2011 **NOTE: Our guest speaker will bring handouts for the HIV/AIDS Lecture
NURS 330
Human Reproductive Health

2. Review In-Class Assignment

3. What Are STDs?
Sexually – relating to having sex, personal intimate contact (e.g., rubbing of genitals, masturbating a partner), etc.
Transmitted – passed by means of, spread by
Disease – being sick (with or without symptoms), body not working properly
So, an STD = a disease/infection you can get from or give to someone else by having oral, vaginal, or anal sex or other intimate contact with him/her.
Source: Los Angeles County Dept of Public Health, STD Program

4. Health Consequences of STDs
Various Cancers
Infertility
Ectopic pregnancy
Miscarriage
Persistent pain
Death
Other chronic conditions or illnesses

5. STDs in the United States
The CDC estimates that there are approximately 19 million new cases each year in the US 1
There are an estimated 65 million people in the US living with a viral STD 2
More than half of all people will have an STD/STI at some point in their lifetime. 2
One in two sexually active persons will contact an STD/STI by age 25. 2
The cost of STDs to the U.S. health care system is estimated to be as much as $15.9 billion annually 1
1 Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cdc.gov
2 Source: American Social Health Association,

6. BACTERIALSTDs Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis
Transmission
Pre-cum, semen, vaginal secretions
Perinatal
Skin-to-skin; genital to genital rubbing
Symptoms
NOTHING or
Discharge from penis, vagina
1-chancre
2-skin, genital rash
3- organ damage
Complications
PID in females
Epidimytis in males
Blindness, paralysis, heart problems, etc
Diagnosis
Urine sample
Urethral, cervical swab
Blood sample
Treatment
Curable with antibiotics

7. Source: Los Angeles County Dept of Public Health, STD Program

8. Unprotected oral, vaginal or anal sex
CHLAMYDIA
Risk factors:
Unprotected oral, vaginal or anal sex

9. Unprotected oral, vaginal or anal sex
GONORRHEA
Risk factors:
Unprotected oral, vaginal or anal sex

10. Oral, vaginal or anal sex (protected or unprotected)
SYPHILIS
Oral, vaginal or anal sex (protected or unprotected)

11. VIRAL STDS HPV HERPES HEP B
Transmission
Skin-to-skin;
genital to genital rubbing
Skin-to-skin; genital to genital rubbing; social kissing
Blood, pre-cum, semen, vaginal secretions
Symptoms
NOTHING –or-
High Risk: Cervical changes
Low Risk: Warts in, on around genitals
Blisters in, on around genitals (HSVII) or
mouth (HSV I)
Fatigue, flu-like symptoms, jaundice
Complications
Cervical Cancer
Psychosocial
Complications of the liver
Diagnosis
HPV test
Pap smear screening
Blood test, blister sample
Blood sample
Treatment
Not curable
Vaccine available

12. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) (protected or unprotected)
Vaginal or anal sex
(protected or unprotected)

13. Pap Smears Screens for pre-cancerous cells in cervix When to start
3 years after sexual debut or at age 21, whichever comes first
Remember, you do NOT have to sexually active to get a pap smear
Does not necessarily test for STDs
You have to ask for specific STD tests
It is important to be your own health advocate
How often should I get pap smears?
It varies, depending on your pap results
Your doctor or nurse will let you know

14. HPV Vaccine Vaccine Gardasil® by Merck approved in 2006
Provides protection against four HPV types which together cause 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts
Three shots over six-month period Licensed for use in girls/women 9-26 years old
In October 2009, FDA approved for use in boys/men 9-26 years old
Another HPV vaccine by GSK currently in final stages of development
Would provide protection against two HPV types that cause most (70%) cervical cancers

15. Oral, vaginal or anal sex (protected or unprotected)
HERPES
Risk Factors:
Oral, vaginal or anal sex (protected or unprotected)

16. HEPATITIS B
Risk factors:
Unprotected sex, sharing needles, tattoos, sharing household items such as razors, toothbrushes

17. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
OTHER
Yeast
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
Trichomoniasis
Cause
Not an STD.
Caused by an overgrowth of yeast.
Sexual transmission possible.Overgrowth of bacteria.
STD
Symptoms
Women - Thick, cloudy discharge from vagina, itching
Men – rash on penis
White or yellow discharge, fishy odor
Bubbly, frothy discharge. Irritation upon urination
Complications
No major complications
Excessive scratching can cause irritation in genital area
Increases chance of HIV infection; If pregnant, a woman runs the risk of pregnancy complications
Increased risk of
getting HIV
Can cause
during pregnancy
Diagnosis
Vaginal culture
Whiff test
Treatment
Anti-fungal cream
Prescription Drugs

18. STD Prevention Review
Use latex or polyurethane condoms (male or female) and barriers as much as possible
Water-based lubricants
Reduces friction
Get tested regularly
Reduce number of sex partners
Reduce frequency of risky situations
Spectrum of sexual risk, depending on the STD
e.g., oral sex may be considered low risk for HIV but not for syphilis
Abstinence
Talk to partners
Vaccines - Hepatitis B, HPV
Get to know your bodies!
Safer sex kit demos if time permits!

19. October 24, 2011 Mid-Term Exam Covers Topics 1 - 7 (pages 1 - 90)
You are responsible for reading all reading assignments and obtaining lecture handouts and notes.
Study Guide will be posted on course website on 10/18/11
Scantron #882 Needed

20. In-Class Assignment