1. Nutrition in dentistry

2. Vitamins

3. Vitamin B1 thiamine function – coenzyme (oxidative decarboxylation...)
Symptoms
Deficiency: beri-beri
exudative (wet) form – heart insufficiency, oedema
dry form – polyneuritis, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
B1 deficiency – chronic alcoholism

4. Beri-beri

5. Vitamin B2 riboflavin function – coenzyme (redox reactions... )
Oral signs and symptoms
Deficiency: angular cheilosis, atrophy of filliform papilae, shiny red lips, sore tongue
Other symptoms
conjuctivitis, dermatitis, anaemia, mental retardation

6. Vitamin B2 angular cheilosis conjuctivitis
atrophy of filliform papilae

7. Vitamin B3 niacin, nicotinic acid
function – coenzyme (redox reactions...)
Oral signs and symptoms
Deficiency: angular cheilosis, mucositis, stomatitis, oral pain, ulceration, denuded tongue, glositis, glossodynia, red and swollen tip or borders of tongue, dorsum is dry and smooth
Other symptoms
Deficiency: Pelagra (3D) – dermatitis, diarhea, dementia

8. cheilosis mucositis glositis
glossodynia Pelagra - dermatitis

9. Folic acid Tetrahydrofolic acid
function – biosynthesis of purins → DNA
Oral signs and symptoms
Deficiency: angular cheilosis, mucositis, stomatitis, oral pain, sore or burning mouth, increased risk of candidiasis, inflamed gingiva, glossitis, glossodynia, red and swollen tips or borders of tongue, aphtous ulcers
Other symptoms
Deficiency: macrocytic anaemia, diarhea, weight loss

10. inflamed gingiva aphtous ulcers macrocytic anaemia
candidiasis
inflamed gingiva aphtous ulcers macrocytic anaemia
macrocytes
normal RBC

11. Vitamin B6 pyridoxine function – coenzyme (amino acid metabolism...)
Oral signs and symptoms
Deficiency: angular cheilosis, sore or burning mouth, glossitis, glossodynia
Other symptoms
Deficiency: neuritis, diarhea, dermatitis, anaemia, seizures

12. Vitamin B12 cyanocobalamine function – coenzyme, folate metabolism...
Oral signs and symptoms
Deficiency: angular cheilosis, mucositis, stomatitis, sore or burning mouth, haemorrhage gingiva, halitosis, dysplasia of oral mucosa, loss of taste, oral pain, ulceration, glossitis, glossodynia, red tongue, xerostomia, aphtous ulcers
Other symptoms
Deficiency: pernicious anaemia, neurological signs

13. halitosis
xerostomia

14. Vitamin C ascorbic acid
function – reducing agent, antioxidant, collagen biosynthesis, iron absorption, immunity...
Oral signs and symptoms
Deficiency: Scurvy – red swollen gingiva, gingival friability, periodontal destruction, increased tooth mobility and exfoliation, sore burning mouth, soft tissue ulceration, increased risk of candidiasis, malformed teeth (inadequate dentine)
Other symptoms
Deficiency: fragility of vessel wall, impaired development of bones

15. Scurvy

16. Vitamin A
retinol
function – vision, growth and differentiation of epitels
Oral signs and symptoms
Deficiency: impaired tissue healing and regeneration, desquamation of oral mucosa, keratosis, increases risk of candidiasis, gingival hypertrophy and inflammation, leukoplakia, decreased taste sensitivity, xerostomia, disturbed enamel development, increased caries risk
Excess: impaired wound healing
Other symptoms
Deficiency: night blindness, xerophtalmia, mucosa dryness
Excess: hepatosplenomegalia, anaemia, hair loss

17. desquamation of oral mucosa keratosis
gingival hypertrophy and inflammationm

18. leukoplakia xerostomia
disturbed enamel development caries

19. Vitamin D calcitriol function – hormone, Ca metabolism
Oral signs and symptoms
Deficiency: osteoporosis, osteomalacia, rickets, incomplete mineralisation of teeth
Excess: pulp calcification, enamel hypoplasia
Other symptoms
Deficiency: osteoporosis, osteomalacia, rickets
Excess: Ca mobilisation from bones, kidney stones

20. pulp calcification enamel hypoplasia
osteoporosis
rickets

21. Vitamin K Vitamin E function – blood clotting Oral signs and symptoms
Deficiency: increased risk of bleeding
tocopherol
function – antioxidant
Vitamin E

22. Minerals

23. Fluoride Oral signs and symptoms
Deficiency: decreased resistance to caries
Excess: enamel hypoplasia (fluorosis)

24. Iron Oral signs and symptoms
Deficiency: angular cheilosis, pallor of lips and oral mucosa, sore, burning tongue, glossitis
Other symptoms
Deficiency: anaemia

25. Calcium Oral signs and symptoms
Deficiency: incomplete mineralisation of teeth, rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, bone fragility, increased tooth mobility and premature loss
Other symptoms
Deficiency: rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis

26. Zinc Oral signs and symptoms
Deficiency: loss of taste and tongue sensation, delayed wound healing, increased susceptibility to periodontal disease, candidiasis, xerostomia, caries
Other symptoms
Deficiency: impaired immune function

27. Magnesium Phosphorus Oral signs and symptoms
Deficiency: alveolar bone fragility, gingival hypertrophy
Deficiency: incomplete mineralisation of teeth, increased susceptibility to caries if deficient during tooth formation, increased susceptibility to periodontal disease
Phosphorus

28. Other nutrients

29. Carbohydrate Oral signs and symptoms
Deficiency: decreased risk of caries
Excess (except fibre): caries

30. Fats Oral signs and symptoms
Deficiency: angular cheilosis, pallor of lips and oral mucosa, sore burning tongue, atrophy of filliform papillae, increased risk of candidiasis, glossitis
Excess: no effect (teeth)
but

31. Proteins Oral signs and symptoms
Deficiency: defect of tooth composition, eruption pattern, resistance to decay, increased susceptibility to soft tissue infraction, poor tissue healing and regeneration
Excess: no effect

32. Water Oral signs and symptoms
Deficiency: dehydratation and fragility of epitelial tissue, decreased muscle strength for chewing, xerostomia, burning tongue