1. 1 Ludger Pries, Anna Gansbergen, Chair of Sociology / Organization, Migration, Participation, Faculty of Social Science The MAREM project: Aims and methods Anna Gansbergen/Ludger Pries Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP “ASYLUM SEEKERS AND RELATED POLICIES IN SOUTHERN COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION” 3 rd - 4 th of July 2014 1. Context of MAREM 2. Aims of MAREM 3. Methods of MAREM

2. 2 Ludger Pries, Anna Gansbergen, Chair of Sociology / Organization, Migration, Participation, Faculty of Social Science http://free-group.eu/texts/ AFSJ EU AGENCIES Fundamental Rights Agency Eurojust Europol OLAF (European Anti-Fraud Office) Frontex European Asylum Support Office ENISA EMCDDA AGENCY for large-scale IT systems in the AFSJ 1. Context and framing of the MAREM-project Revised Directives: Asylum Procedures Reception Conditions Qualification Revised Regulations: Dublin Regulation EURODAC Regulation

3. 3 Ludger Pries, Anna Gansbergen, Chair of Sociology / Organization, Migration, Participation, Faculty of Social Science Since 2000 almost 20.000 migrants died in the Mediterranean when trying to enter the EU. 1. Context and framing of the MAREM-project Some 40.000 persons risked crossing the Mediterranean in 2013. “Italy says that as many as 800,000 migrants are massing in Lybia now with the intent of reaching Italy.” (NYT/SZ 23.05.2014) About 2.5 Mio. Syrian refugees out of a total of in Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq. Only almost 60.000 Syrian refugees declared political asylum in EU.

4. 4 Ludger Pries, Anna Gansbergen, Chair of Sociology / Organization, Migration, Participation, Faculty of Social Science 1. Context and framing of the MAREM-project Concerning refugees and asylum: gap between “talk” and “action” gap between societal reality and EU declarations, as well as international law and human rights law How could this gap be explained scientifically? 1. Rationalist-realist approach: Countries of EU and EU as a whole not interested in destiny of refugees and asylum seekers; “talk” as window dressing, no serious “action” intended 2. Value-inefficiency approach: Countries of EU and EU as a whole interested in destiny of refugees and asylum seekers, but unable to guarantee; serious “talk” but inefficient “action” 3. Multilevel institutionalist collective actors approach: Different collective actors’ aims and strategies at European, national and local level; many different “talks and actions”, in many fields and at all levels tensions between “talk and action”, but in the long run decoupling of “talk” and “action” impossible

5. 5 Ludger Pries, Anna Gansbergen, Chair of Sociology / Organization, Migration, Participation, Faculty of Social Science 1. EU level History, trajectory, cycle political forces, interests organizations 2. National level History, trajectory, cycle political forces, interests organizations 3. Local level History, trajectory, cycle political forces, interests organizations Focus on collective actors in their organizational fields and networks as the articulation and connection between asylum seekers/refugees and the general societal context: 1. What are main collective actors in the field? (politicians, administrative groups, NGOs)? 2. What are actors’ characteristics? (norms/values, organisational agenda, organisational field of legitimation, relation internal-external logics) 1. Context and framing of the MAREM-project

6. 6 Ludger Pries, Anna Gansbergen, Chair of Sociology / Organization, Migration, Participation, Faculty of Social Science 1. Context and framing of the MAREM-project Organization Actor types NameDriving norms & values Dominant issue Field of action & legitimacy Ressource mobilization Political decision makers PSOE Alianza Pop. Converg. i Unió Social-democr.Multiple issuesNationalBalanced Official- executive actors Guardia Civil Policía Nac. Frontex ParamilitaryLaw & orderNationalExternal Civil society collective actors/ NGOs ACCEM Cruz Roja ES ACNUR Human rights, diversity, justice compromise A&RNational, regional, local Balanced (national, EU etc.) Scientific & monitoring organizations ECREHuman rights and EU law CEASEU, monitoringExernal Others (travel agencies, smugglers) Smuggling network Profit makingMigrant smuggling Informal networks of knowledge and trust External Where do ressources (money, members, influence etc.) come from? Internal, external balanced On which level are activities framed and directed? local, regional, national, EU, global Which are the main issues of the organization? Single issue (asylum&refugees), multiple issues What are the driving norms and values of the organization? religious, political, human rights etc.

7. 7 Ludger Pries, Anna Gansbergen, Chair of Sociology / Organization, Migration, Participation, Faculty of Social Science 1. Context and framing of the MAREM-project Structural framing Mediterranean EU-countries are vulnerable to irregular immigration by their geographical position and have difficulties to cope with it. Current migration routes show the highest concentration of irregular migration into the EU on Southern maritime borders of the European Union. In 2011 the internal security and home affairs ministers of Greece, Cyprus, Malta, Italy and Spain stressed their concerns about humanitarian situation in Northern Africa and current migration flows as its consequence. The routes to Europe over the sea are amongst the most dangerous in the world. Hypothesis on tendencies of change The EU is a supranational framework of unbalanced power relations, competing interests and contested terrains. CEAS is a nice program as “talk”, but hardly harmonized at national and local level. As asylum and refugee issues are contested issues everywhere, NIMBY ("Not In My Back Yard“, Florian principle) is dominant reaction at the national and local level. A European public space of asylum and refugee issues is emerging where collective actors have to legitimize their “talk” and “action”. The stronger this public space, the faster CEAS will turn from “talk” to “action”.

8. 8 Ludger Pries, Anna Gansbergen, Chair of Sociology / Organization, Migration, Participation, Faculty of Social Science 2. Aims of MAREM Scientific aims To gain a scientific understanding of (1) current European migration policy, (2) situation of asylum seekers and refugees, (3) corresponding scientific and NGOs To publish checked information on these topics for a broader public by developing a Google-Earth-based information and knowledge platform To draw attention to the situation of refugees in the Mediterranean To share evidence-based knowledge in order to support the improvement of refugees′ situation and of European asylum politics

9. 9 Ludger Pries, Anna Gansbergen, Chair of Sociology / Organization, Migration, Participation, Faculty of Social Science 2. Aims of MAREM The information to gather is focused on: 1.arrival points and situation of refugees in Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta and Spain, 2.corresponding national and European migration regimes and 3.official executive actors, scientific and NGO networks dealing with this topic.

10. 10 Ludger Pries, Anna Gansbergen, Chair of Sociology / Organization, Migration, Participation, Faculty of Social Science 2. Aims of MAREM Teaching aims: To train students in scientific research on current and relevant topics i.e. how to: – develop a research agenda, – construct a questionnaire, – conduct different types of interviews, – transcribe interviews, – present results in a scientific conference. To prepare students for participating in discussions topics with relevant actors. To train students in cross-cultural competence and cross-national scientific research. To guide students in dealing with ethically sensitive topics. To lead students in combining evidence based scientific work with social responsibility.

11. 11 Ludger Pries, Anna Gansbergen, Chair of Sociology / Organization, Migration, Participation, Faculty of Social Science Methodological proceeding of “teaching by research”: Course work during winter term Oct. 2013 – Febr. 2014 Social science of migration, flight and asylum, state of scientific research Preparation, training and document analysis Searching interview partners and organizing field work Field work In March 2014 Document and data gathering in Italy, Spain, Greece, Cyprus and Malta. Expert interviews with representatives of NGOs, research institutions, international and governmental organizations dealing with asylum seekers and refugees. Narrative interviews with asylum seekers and refugees Course work during summer term Apr. 2014 – July 2014 Interview transcriptions and document analysis Interchanging and comparing country studies Preparing an international workshop and presentation of papers 3. Methods of MAREM

12. 12 Ludger Pries, Anna Gansbergen, Chair of Sociology / Organization, Migration, Participation, Faculty of Social Science Thank you for your attention!