1. Locke Smith Hume American Constitutional Republicanism Government should protect private property and leave people alone to pursue their own happiness

2. Jean-Jacques Rousseau In his book the Social Contract Rousseau argues that…………………….. Property is bad

3. Nature is a cruel and ruthless place Because of this humans enter into the social contract in order to cooperate and survive The creation of private property ruined everything and man had to create law So government only protects those with property and it is unfair Humans have to “throw off chains of society” to find the will of the people The best form of government is a small direct democracy with no private property

5. Immanuel Kant Philosophy of the Mind The Moral Imperative

6. Friedrich Nietzsche So we must replace him with…….. God is Dead

7. The State Statism – the belief that the government should control both economic and social policy

8. Karl Marx The Communist Manifesto

9. Class Struggle Slaveowners slaves Lords serfs Bourgeoisie Proletariat Natural Communism

10. Marx in a nutshell The upper class has always oppressed the lower class and lives off of their labor In capitalism the bourgeoisie oppresses because they make a profit off of the labor of the proletariat Religion is the opiate of the masses, a way for the bourgeoisie to control the proletariat One day the proletariat classes of the world will combine to overthrow the bourgeoisie and return the world to natural communism in which no state will be required because there will be no property Heap of History

11. Fascism – a government that protects private property but controls the economy through laws and regulations Socialism - a economic system in which the government owns the “means of production” (railroads, mines, factories) and manages the economy through central planning Communism – economic system in which the government owns all private property and means of production and manages the economy through central planning

12. Charles Darwin What really drives humans is the biological need to survive and reproduce

13. Social Darwinism Social Darwinsim – humans should compete for survival through a system of lassez-faire capitalism in which the strong become wealthy and the weak become poor and only the strong survive Laissez-Faire Capitalism – capitalistic society that is free from government interventions like tariffs, regulations, central planning and high taxes Herbert Spencer

14. Sigmund Freud Let’s Talk about Sex

16. Id The beast in the basement What would society say Superego Ego One’s Self Philosophy Nature

17. Otto Von Bismarck The “Iron Chancelor” unified Germany into one nation through warfare and then implemented the worlds first welfare system

18. Otto Von Bismarck Bismarck was the first leader to introduce government funded old age pensions, accident insurance, unemployment insurance, health insurance and a mandatory 13 year school system that included a national curriculum and national testing

19. How did it get here?

20. Lester F. Ward Considered “the father of the American welfare state” Ward was responsible for bringing the idea of the German welfare state to American Academia. Germany will eventually become the center of Academia with the majority of American professors spending time studying in Germany

21. Bohemianism is the practice of an unconventional lifestyle, often in the company of like-minded people, with few permanent ties, involving musical, artistic or literary pursuits. Bohemians are connected to anti- establishment view points, voluntary poverty, free love. Bohemians began emigrating to the United States in the 1840’s Bohemian Emigration

22. What are the two largest Bohemian neighborhoods in the United States?

23. Life in the Village

24. How did it get here? Academia and Education Media

25. Muckracking A muckracker is a liberally reformed oriented journalist that uses investigative journalism to help change social policy

26. Upton Sinclair and the Jungle Sinclair, who was a devout Socialist, spent 4 weeks undercover in a meat packing factory to expose the conditions of the meatpacking industry

27. So what do we call this “ism” in the United States?

28. Progressivism The political belief in the United States that the Constitution was outdated for a modern society and that United States should “progress” beyond it. Progressivism consists of the following tenets -Government funded welfare programs - government regulation of business - redistribution of wealth through tax system - laws that favor labor -Professionally trained social workers who could help with the issues of poverty - conservation of the environment - world government – there should be a world government body to settle disputes - democratic peace theory – idea that if all of the governments in the world were democracies there would no longer be wars

29. C LD MR POP RR DC DC – white segregationists CD – small business MR – Corporations RR – Freed Slaves Pro – social and government reformers (media and academia) LD – Immigrants/Labor Unions POP – poor farmers Turn of the Century Politics C North South Pro CD