1. Properties of Water and pH
LESSON TWO
Properties of Water
and pH
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2. Part 1: Properties of Water
Review the following information about the properties of water to complete your flowchart.
NOTE:
Some of the slides will take you to internet resources filled with additional information
Some of the slides may contain links to definitions
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3. Molecular Structure & Polarity
Water is a "polar" molecule, meaning that there is an uneven distribution of electrons resulting in a molecule with a both a positively and negatively charged region.
Water has a partial negative charge near the oxygen atom due the unshared pairs of electrons, and partial positive charges near the hydrogen atoms.
Covalent Bond
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**Click on “Covalent Bond” for the definition.

4. Definitions…
Covalent Bond – when two atoms share one or more electrons
In a water molecule, each hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to the oxygen via a shared pair of electrons.
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5. Hydrogen Bonds
Hydrogen Bond – the electrostatic attraction between the partial positive charge near the hydrogen atoms and the partial negative charge near the oxygen
How one water molecule “sticks” to another
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6. Click on “NEXT” when you are finished.
Let’s review so far!
Click on the bucket of water below to watch the short animation on water.
Click on “NEXT” when you are finished.
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7. Surface Tension & Capillary Action
Click on the picture of the celery to the right to learn about surface tension, cohesion, adhesion, and capillary action!
After visiting the website, click on the arrow to move on to the next slide.
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8. Universal Solvent
Water is called the "universal solvent" because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid.
This means that wherever water goes, either through the ground or through our bodies, it takes along valuable chemicals, minerals, and nutrients.
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9. Click on “NEXT” when you are all finished.
Universal Solvent
What is the difference between a solvent, solute, and a solution?
Click on each word to find out!
Click on “NEXT” when you are all finished.
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10. SOLVENT
Definition = A substance that dissolves a solute to create a solution.
Identify the solvent below by clicking on the correct answer.
Chocolate
Milk
Chocolate Milk

11. Remember to look closely at the definition!
SORRY!
Click here to try again!
Remember to look closely at the definition!
What would be doing the dissolving?

12. SOLUTE
Definition = A substance that is dissolved in a solvent to create a solution.
Identify the solute below by clicking on the correct answer.
Chocolate
Milk
Chocolate Milk

13. Remember to look closely at the definition!
SORRY!
Click here to try again!
Remember to look closely at the definition!
What would be dissolved?

14. SOLUTION
Definition = A mixture of two or more substances in which he molecules of the substances are evenly distributed
Identify the solution below by clicking on the correct answer.
Chocolate
Milk
Chocolate Milk

15. Remember to look closely at the definition!
SORRY!
Click here to try again!
Remember to look closely at the definition!
What would be the mixture?

16. CONGRATULATIONS!
You were right!
Click here to continue learning about solvents, solutes, and solutions!

17. Density
Ice floats because hydrogen bonds hold water molecules further apart in a solid than in a liquid.
Ice is less dense as a solid than a liquid.
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18. Heat Capacity
Water has a HIGH heat capacity (it takes a lot of energy to raise its temperature)
WHY???
because the energy needs to first break the hydrogen bonds before it can raise the temperature of the water.
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19. Part 2: Acids and Bases
Read the following slides to review what pH is and to complete your pH scale…
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20. What is pH?
pH is a measure of how acidic/basic a solution is. The range goes from , with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base.
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21. Click on “NEXT” when you are all finished.
The pH Scale
Label your pH scale to show the proper ranges of acids, bases, and neutral.
Click on the clipboard to test the pH value of the substances listed on your worksheet. Record their value by placing the substance at their appropriate location on your pH scale.
Click on “NEXT” when you are all finished.
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22. Part 3: Review!
Now it is time to review what you have learned in Lesson 2…
Click on the dice below to play the vocabulary matching game.
If you get stuck, review the list of vocabulary words and try again!