1. Muscular System (Chapters 9 and 10)
Function- transforms chemical energy (_____) into _______________energy, so that the muscles are capable of exerting a ________.

2. Muscle Overview Muscle functions:
_______________ _______________ - voluntary and involuntary
_______________ _______________ - working against gravity
_______________ and _______________ joints to avoid damage
Generating __________through movement

3. Muscle Overview Functional characteristics of Muscle:
_______________ response to a stimulus
_______________ shorten when adequately stimulated
_______________ ability to be stretched or extended (even beyond their resting length)
_______________ the ability of a muscle fiber to recoil and resume its resting length after being stretched

4. Muscle Overview Muscle fibers/ _______________ :
formed from the fusion of _______________ (_______________ cell that gives rise to muscle cells)
long, _______________, _______________ cells
Contain _______________ / myofibers called ______ and _________ that are responsible for muscle contraction.

5. Skeletal Muscle Attach to and _______the _______________
Have the _______________ of the muscle types
_______________ stripes along the muscle tissue
Can be controlled _______________

6. Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross
_______________– connective tissue covering that surrounds the muscle.
_______________– Connective tissue that joins bones to muscles.

7. Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross
_______________ : connective tissue covering that surrounds the fascicle
_______________ : bundle of muscle fibers
__________and ___________supply is present so the muscles can react to stimulus and receive proper _____________ to function and receive energy.

8. Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross
Attachments:
Most span __________ and attach to bones in at least ___ locations.
_______________ muscle attachment in which moves toward the ____________ bone
_______________ muscle attachment that moves toward the ____________ or less ____________ bone.

9. Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross
Ways muscle attach:
__________- the ____________ of the muscle is fused to the ____________ of a bone of perichondrium of a cartilage (ex. __________).
___________- the muscle’s connective tissue wrappings extend beyond the muscle as a ropelike ____________ ; common (ex. __________ ).

10. Skeletal Muscle Structure- Cellular
____________ ________ is the muscle cell.
Long and ____________ cells
____________, because of ____________ cells
Because of the ____________ of cells, the names of certain structures are different, but the primary ____________ is the same.

11. Skeletal Muscle Structure- Cellular
One muscle fiber
____________ : connective tissue covering that surrounds the fiber

12. Skeletal Muscle Structure- Cellular
Endomysium
____________ : plasma membrane; below this are ____________ and ____________
____________ : cytoplasm of the muscle fibers; contains large amounts of ____________ (stored ____________ )
____________ ____________ : endoplasmic reticulum; releases ____________ ions during contraction and absorbs them during relaxation.
____________ : red pigment that stores ____________ within the protein.
Look at myofibrils (next slide)

13. Cellular structure of a muscle
____________ : (bundles of ____________ ) Contain the ____________ elements of the muscle cell.
____________ : a repeating series of ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ bands.

14. Sarcomere (a segment of myofibril)
____________(area between 2 Z disks) made of: 1 ____________ Thick ____________ protein; have a light H zone present when relaxed and is bisected by an M line. 2. I band- Thin Actin protein

15. Myofilament
actin
fascicle
myosin
Muscle cell
Myofilament
The ____________ of the thin past the thick produces muscle ____________ (____________ )

16. Muscle Contraction and Relaxation
The ____________ ____________ has a high concentration of ____________ ions ( ______ )
A muscle ______ sent to the sarcoplasmic reticulum causes the membrane to release ______
The presence of ______ allows links to be formed between ______ (______ ) and ______ (______ )
Thick filaments have a ______ head which attach to the ______ on the thin filament.
These linkages are called ______ ______ .
______ ______ attach to microtubules at each A and I band junction forming an elongated tube; can conduct impulses to the deepest parts of the tissue signal for the release of ______ .