1. Probability & Tree Diagrams OCR Stage 8

2. What are Tree Diagrams A way of showing the possibilities of two or more events Simple diagram we use to calculate the probabilities of two or more events

3. For example – a fair coin is spun twice H H H T T T HH HT TH TT 2 nd 1 st Possible Outcomes

4. Attach probabilities H H H T T T HH HT TH TT 2 nd 1 st ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ P(H,H)=½x½=¼ P(H,T)=½x½=¼ P(T,H)=½x½=¼ P(T,T)=½x½=¼ INDEPENDENT EVENTS – 1 st spin has no effect on the 2 nd spin

5. Calculate probabilities H H H T T T HH HT TH TT 2 nd 1 st ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ P(H,H)=½x½=¼ P(H,T)=½x½=¼ P(T,H)=½x½=¼ P(T,T)=½x½=¼ Probability of at least one Head? * * *

6. For example – 10 coloured beads in a bag – 3 Red, 2 Blue, 5 Green. One taken, colour noted, returned to bag, then a second taken. B RR 2 nd 1 st B B B R R R R G G G G RBRB RGRG BRBR BB BGBG GRGR GBGB GG INDEPENDENT EVENTS

7. B RR 2 nd 1 st B B B R R R R G G G G RBRB RGRG BRBR BB BGBG GRGR GBGB GG 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.3 Probabilities P(RR) = 0.3x0.3 = 0.09 P(RB) = 0.3x0.2 = 0.06 P(RG) = 0.3x0.5 = 0.15 P(BR) = 0.2x0.3 = 0.06 P(BB) = 0.2x0.2 = 0.04 P(BG) = 0.2x0.5 = 0.10 P(GR) = 0.5x0.3 = 0.15 P(GB) = 0.5x0.2 = 0.10 P(GG) = 0.5x0.5 = 0.25 All ADD UP to 1.0