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00.51 Concentration Mantra Meditation EMG-Biofeedback PMR Other Meditations Relaxation Response Other Relaxation Placebo TM Effectiveness in Reducing Trait.

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Presentation on theme: "00.51 Concentration Mantra Meditation EMG-Biofeedback PMR Other Meditations Relaxation Response Other Relaxation Placebo TM Effectiveness in Reducing Trait."— Presentation transcript:

1 00.51 Concentration Mantra Meditation EMG-Biofeedback PMR Other Meditations Relaxation Response Other Relaxation Placebo TM Effectiveness in Reducing Trait Anxiety Meta-analysis of 146 studies Effect Size (Standard Deviations) Eppley KR, Abrams A, Shear J: Journal of Clinical Psychology [45] 957-974,1989

2 Increased Physiological Relaxation Meta-analysis of 32 studies Effect Size (Standard Deviations) Dillbeck MC, Orme-Johnson DW: American Psychologist [42] 879-81, 1987 0 0.20.40.60.81 Basal GSR Respiration Rate Plasma Lactate TM Rest

3 Increased Self Actualization Meta-analysis of 42 studies Effect Size (Standard Deviations) Alexander CN, Rainforth M, Gelderloos P:Journal of Social Behavior & Personality [6] 189-247,1991 00.51 Other Meditation Other Relaxation TM

4 Improved Psychological Outcomes Meta-analysis of 51 studies Effect Size (Standard Deviations) Ferguson PC : Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1981 TM Zen Relaxation Response 0 0.5 1

5 Effectiveness in Decreasing Alcohol Use Meta-analysis of 97 studies 00.51 Preventative Ed DUI Relaxation Peer Influence TM Effect Size (Standard Deviations) Alexander CN, Robinson P, Rainforth MV, Alcohol Treatment Quarterly [11] 13-87, 1994

6 Effectiveness in Decreasing Drug Abuse Meta-analysis of 70 studies 00.51 Preventive Ed Peer Influence TM Effect Size (Standard Deviations) Alexander CN, Robinson P, Rainforth MV, Alcohol Treatment Quarterly [11] 13-87, 1994

7 Reduced Blood Pressure A Randomized Controlled Trial of Transcendental Meditation, Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Education Control in Older African Americans Schneider RH, Staggers F, Alexander CN, et al. Hypertension [26] 820-827, 1995 Months of Treatment 3210 -10 -5 0 Change in Diastolic BP (mm Hg) p <.02 p <.0001 EC PMR TM

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9 Change in Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (mm ) Effects on Carotid Atherosclerosis in African Americans with Hypertension + 0.1 Castillo-Richmond AB, Schneider RH, et al. Effect of Stress Reduction on Carotid Atherosclerosis in Hypertensive African Americans, Stroke [31] 568-573, 2000. HEALTH EDUCATION - 0.1 + 0.05 - 0.05 p <.045 0 TM


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