1. Mass spectrometry EI CI APCI ESI GC-MS LC-MS/MS LC-MS ToF

2. Outline Fundamentals Ionization Isotopes Some chromatography Applications Roles and responsibilities

3. Mass spectrometry Latin ”spectre” means ”image”. Word has drifted from optical spectrometry A mixture of masses can be separated and ”imaged” We get a raw look into chemistry Extremely versatile tool – the equivalent of a digital oscilloscope.

4. Remember this! Only IONS can be analyzed Separation based on m/z – not mass! ALWAYS done in vacuum

5. Mass spectrometer Ion sourceMass filter(s)Detector

6. m/z Rel. I Masspektrum Mass spectra

7. Modes GC-MS: Volatiles – solvents – reagents EI - Electron Impact is a classic CI - Chemical Ionization is difficult! LC-MS: Water soluble – proteolytes Electrospray is super mild – proteins APCI is a bit violent – hydrolyze esters

8. LC-MS Fundamental problem MS done in vacuum LC mobile phases DESTROY vacuum Over 20 years of hard work to solve

9. Kromatogram Antal scan Tid Totaljonkromatogram Total Ion Current (TIC) masspektrum vid en viss tidpunkt klemastin (Tavegyl®, antihistamin)

10. Summary GC-MS EI – Agressive! CI – Mild LC-MS APCI – Pretty agressive – hydrolyze esters ESI – Extremely soft – large proteins can be ionized