1. WASH Cluster – Emergency Training DR DR2 1 DRAINAGE Session 2 Strategy

2. WASH Cluster – Emergency Training DR DR2 2 SITE LOCATION: Risks from Topography FLASH FLOODS PONDING RIVER/ SEA FLOOD Site Location Water Table

3. WASH Cluster – Emergency Training DR DR2 3 SITE LOCATION: Natural Drainage Catchment Upstream catchment Site location is chosen at planning stage If the site is too steep (+5%), too flat, very high water table, etc then it may be difficult to protect from flooding and provide drainage, requiring extensive works

4. WASH Cluster – Emergency Training DR Waste water management Hospitals 50 l/p/d Feeding centres 25 l/p/d Personal washing/spillages up to 10 l/p/d Identify waste type Waste source Determine potential hazard Determine volume Determine disposal method Water distribution points, Feeding centers, Clinics, Kitchens, Laundries, Bathing areas Faecal contamination, Mosquitoes, Flies, cockroaches, rats, etc. Black sewage (from toilets and septic tanks), Grey sewage (water spillage from washing areas), rainwater. Into the air Into the ground DR2 Reed & Dean (1994) Recommended methods for the disposal of sanitary waste from temporary field medical facilities. Disasters, vol 18 No 4, reproduced in Engineering in Emergencies and the WEDC Emergency Sanitation manual.

5. WASH Cluster – Emergency Training DR Sphere Drainage standard People have an environment in which the health and other risks posed by water erosion and standing water, including stormwater, floodwater, domestic wastewater and wastewater from medical facilities, are minimised DR2

6. WASH Cluster – Emergency Training DR Assessment Is there a drainage problem? Is the soil prone to waterlogging? Do people have the means to protect their dwellings and toilets from local flooding? DR2

7. WASH Cluster – Emergency Training DR Design criteria Quantity of water Nature of water Soil type and ground conditions Slope Rainfall and evaporation Local materials DR2