1. PET
                                         

2. PET- POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
NONINVASIVE NUCLEAR IMAGING TECHNIQUE THAT INVOLVES THE ADMINISTRATION OF A RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL AND SUBSEQUENT IMAGING OF THE DISTRIBUTION AND KINETICS OF THE RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL.

3. PET IS A PHYSIOLOGIC MODALITY
IS PREDOMINANTLY USED TO MEASURE HUMAN CELLULAR, ORGAN, OR SYSTEM FUNCTION.

4. PHYSIOLOGIC ASPECT OF THE TISSUE UNDER STUDY
IS DETERMINED FROM THE MEASUREMENT OF THE RADIOACTIVITY EMITTED BY A RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL IN THAT TISSUE.

5. POSITRON EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES
11C - CARBON
13N - NITROGEN
15O - OXYGEN
18F – FLUORINE

6. HISTORY OF PET
THE USE OF POSITRON EMITTING RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS FOR MEDICAL PURPOSE WAS FIRST CONCEIVED IN THE EARLY 1930s BY E.O. LAWRENCE- THE INVENTOR OF CYCLOTRON.

7. E.O. LAWRENCE

8. COMPOUNDS WITH POSITRON EMITTING REDIONUCLIDES WERE SYNTHESIZED AND GEIGER COUNTERS WOULD BE USED TO MEASURE THE UPTAKE OF RADIONUCLIDE BY DIFFERENT BODY PARTS.

9. F.W. WRENN SHOWED THE USE OF POSITRON EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES FOR LOCALIZATION OF BRAIN TUMORS IN 1951.

10. IN 1967 G. HOUNSFIELD DEMONSTRATED THE CLINICAL USE OF CT
IN 1967 G. HOUNSFIELD DEMONSTRATED THE CLINICAL USE OF CT. THE MATHEMATICS OF IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION AND PET ARE SIMILAR.

11. IN 1975 THE FIRST CLOSED- RING TRANSVERSE POSITRON TOMOGRAPH WAS BUILTFOR PET IMAGING BY M.M. TER-POGOSSIAN.

12. SINCE 1975: BETTER RESOLUTION IN PET IS BEING ACHIEVED NEARING 1-2 MM
NEW RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS ARE BEING DEVELOPED TO STUDY: BLOOD FLOW, METABOLISM, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, LIPID CONTET, RECEPTOR BINDING AND MANY OTHER.

13. DETECTOR TYPES: SCINTILLATION- BETTER RESOLUTION
S. CRYSTAL
S. CRYSTAL
PHOTODIODE
PM TUBE

14. POSITRON
Atomic particle with properties identical to those of a negatively charged electron, except for its positive charge. The positron is the antiparticle of the electron. Positrons and electrons annihilate one another when they meet, producing pure energy in the form of gamma rays

15. PET
PAIR PRODUCTION INTERACTION IS UTILIZED!!

16. Pair Production (PP) can occur when the x-ray photon energy is greater than 1.02 MeV, when an electron and positron are created with the annihilation of the x-ray photon. Positrons are very short lived and disappear (positron annihilation) with the formation of two photons of 0.51 MeV energy. Pair production is of particular importance when high-energy photons pass through materials of a high atomic number. Energy: > 1.02 MeV

19. When we talk about the beta plus decay a proton decays into a neutron, a positron (the antiparticle of the electron) and a neutrino. The positron and the neutrino are emited. The radioactive particle is the positron

21. DATA ACQUSITION IN: CT
MRI
PET

22. CT

23. MRI

24. PET
800 DETECTORS

25. RESOLUTION OF IMAGES
CT –512 X 512
MRI 512 X 512
PET – 64 X 64

26. COMPARISON

27. PRODUCTION OF POSITRON EMITTERS
CYCLOTRON METHOD
MILKING OF RADIONUCLIDE GENERATOR

28. CYCLOTRON

29. BOMBARDMENT OF STABLE NUCLEI WITH HIGH ENERGY BEAMS OF CHARGED PARTICLES.

30. MILKING OF RADIONUCLIDE GENERATOR

31. PET SCANNER

32. GANTRY AND DETECTORS

33. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS BRAIN:
DEMENTIAS
COMPLEX PARTIAL EPILEPSY
STROKE
TUMORS

34. DEMENTIAS- ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
BILATERAL HYPOMETABOLISM APPEARS IN PARIETAL
AND TEMPORAL ASSOCIATION AREAS

35. EPILEPSY
SHOW FOCI

36. STROKE

37. METASTATIC TUMOR

38. CLINICAL APPLICATION OF PET HEART
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

39. CAD

40. FUSION OF PET AND CT

41. FUSION OF PET AND CT