1. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Planning for the Emerald Ash Borer David Cappaert, Michigan State University, bugwood.org

2. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab What is the Emerald Ash Borer The Emerald Ash Borer is a small metallic green beetle that is known to kill all species of ash trees. Marianne Prue, Ohio Department of Natural Resources - Division of Forestry, Bugwood.org

3. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Beetle larva eat the living tissue (cambium) between the bark and the wood, effectively girdling the tree. David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org Edward Czerwinski, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Bugwood.org

4. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Effects of EAB As the Emerald Ash Borer established, ash trees will begin to die. David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org

5. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Daniel Herms, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org

6. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org

7. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Signs of EAB “D” shaped exit hole “S” galleries under the bark David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org David R. McKay, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org

8. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Symptoms of EAB Suckering from the base and stem Dieback in the canopy Excessive woodpecker activity Steven Katovich, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org James W. Smith, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org

9. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab What does this mean? 1 in 14 trees in New York is an ash tree Thousands of ash line our trees, shade our parks and fill our public spaces. Thousands more dot our home landscapes Millions can be found in our woodlots and along our rivers and streams. EAB puts all of these trees in danger.

10. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Where is the Emerald Ash Borer?

11. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab No untreated ash materials can be moved from these areas

12. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Concerns Ash trees break down quickly once they die, potentially dropping large limbs in public areas or on personal property. Trees are costly to treat and remove Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources - Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org

13. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Community Questions Can you afford to manage them? Can you afford not to? Are your ash trees identified? Who owns them? Whose responsibility is it to treat or remove potentially risky ash trees? Will you treat or remove your community’s trees? Michigan Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org

14. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab What you can do now: EDUCATE yourself and your community on the Emerald Ash Borer MONITOR for EAB Develop a PLAN to handle the Emerald Ash Borer’s impact

15. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Educate Go to CORNELL UNIVERSITY’S INVASIVE SPECIES WEB SITE for complete up to date Emerald Ash Borer information: http://www.nyis.info/eab http://www.nyis.info/eab TALK to your local Cornell Cooperative Extension educators, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation foresters and NYS Agriculture and Markets inspectors.

16. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Monitor LEARN the signs and symptoms TRAIN volunteers to identify ash trees and recognize the signs and symptoms. Michigan Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org David R. McKay, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org

17. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Community Preparedness Plan Daniel Herms, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org

18. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Why make a plan? To identify the:  PEOPLE  RESOURCES  MONEY available to help manage the effects of EAB

19. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Plan Elements Background Elements - describe your community and EAB’s potential impact Management Plan - outline your specific management actions for specific trees Education Plan - identify stakeholders, how they relate to EAB and their educational needs Budget - what will it cost and how it will be paid for. Contacts - who is responsible for the plan Sources of Information – EAB references for planners and stakeholders

20. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab EAB Plan- Background EAB History and Biology Scope of NY and Local EAB problem Number of Community Ash Trees Economic Conditions related to ash trees – Mills, ash product producers, etc. Plan Purpose

21. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab EAB Plan: Management- Inventory IDENTIFY public (and private) ash trees – Do you have an inventory? – Inventory options Complete community tree inventory Community ash trees Community and all private ash trees Community and private ash trees that can affect community property – Who will conduct an inventory? Determine their potential RISK

22. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab EAB Plan: Management- Inventory Ascertain tree OWNERSHIP Do you have the authority to remove/treat all the trees that you’d like. Is ownership any of the trees disputed? Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources - Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org

23. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab EAB Plan: Management- Removal and Chemical Treatment TREATMENT Options: – Insecticide versus removal – Who will implement WHICH TREES? – All publically owned ash – All publically owned and some private ash that have direct impact on public property – Only high risk ash trees David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org

24. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab EAB Plan: Management Implementation Who will implement the management plan – Staff/Employees Certifications and Training – NYS DEC Certified Pesticide Applicator – Arboriculture skills and experience – Contractors Certifications and Trainings – ISA Certified Arborist – NYS DEC Certified Pesticide Applicator

25. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab EAB Plan: Management- Wood Disposal and Utilization Where will the WOOD go? How will the wood be USED? Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources - Forestry Archive, Bugwood.org

26. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab EAB Plan: Management- Reforestation What will you replant with? Schedule for replanting Recommended species: – “Recommended Urban Trees” CU- Urban Horticulture Institute Red Horsechestnut – Cornell Woody Plant Database

27. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Educational Plan Educating yourself, the plan writers and the general public is important. How will you do this? Work with CCE or other educational agencies Conduct your own public education – Print and web resources – Workshops and trainings

28. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Budget How will your community pay for all of this? Develop multiple scenario budgets Consider all costs Look at your spectrum of management and outreach options. Funding opportunities

29. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Why make a plan? Not just cost Political/Social – Aesthetics of trees – Infested trees don’t look dead right away – “It’s not here yet, why bother now?” Liability and Safety – Dead ash trees rot quickly, must act fast – Who is responsible for which tree? – Pesticide use

30. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Which scenario do you choose? 1.Remove all ash and replace all at once – costly 2.Remove ash and replace as funds are available. 3.Remove some trees and treat the remainder so they remain alive and not a public health threat until they can be removed. 4.Remove some trees, chose some trees to be treated indefinitely until the EAB leaves, treat others so they survive until they can be removed. 5.Treat all trees indefinitely

31. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Factors to consider Cost of each scenario Impact of each scenario on your community Goals of your community forest and the ability of your staff/volunteers/contractors to implement plan Local opportunities you can take advantage of

32. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Cost to Remove Based on a small poll of some CNY communities, the average cost to remove a street tree is $440. – Assumption- the average ash slated for removal will have a smaller DBH than the average for all trees being removed in a year, if all ash trees are being removed. (Conservative) – Range of $150 to $1325 per tree Size of tree, condition of tree, location of tree, and contractor versus staff all affect price.

33. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Your Community? Sherburne, NY 25 ash trees, 7% of 354 total, avg. DBH 9.75” Est. Cost to remove: $15,000 Est. Cost to Treat $1,250/yr for 12 + years? SWAT Data- Courtesy of Fred Cowett

34. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Ithaca, Cayuga Heights and Cornell Campus 762 ash trees (3.1%) $335,820 removal estimate SWAT Data- Courtesy of Fred Cowett

35. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Cost to Treat There are a variety of treatment options Commercial Applicator – ~$10 per inch of DBH per year – (including annualized multi- year treatments) Soil drench Injections (preferred) Homeowner applied soil drench (may not be preferable) David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org

36. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Chemical Treatment Considerations Pros Retain canopy cover in heavy ash populated areas Can save trees until funds are available to remove them Can save trees long-term Mature trees are valuable Cons Homeowner treatments- Do local ordinances allow them to treat their own trees? Do you want them to? Effectiveness of treatment? Toxicity of chemicals- nerve toxins Timing is crucial (education and awareness) Injections could damage to the living tissue of a tree (frequency, tree health, technician skill are all factors) 1

37. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Your Community? Sherburne, NY 25 ash trees, 7% of 354 total, avg. DBH 9.75” Est. Cost to remove: $11,000 Est. Cost to Treat ($10/DBH) $2,437.50/appication for 12 1 (apply every 3 years) SWAT Data- Courtesy of Fred Cowett

38. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Community Cost Examples Deforest, Wisconsin: population 8,500 455 ash trees in urban forest (13% of total) – 330 are under 6” in diameter, decreasing the removal cost (average $700-$800 per tree) Village estimated removal cost: $75,000- $100,000 Village of DeForest web site: http://www.vi.deforest.wi.us/

39. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Community Cost Examples Wilmette, Illinois: population 26,700 Propose spending $2 million over a five year period to remove and replace public ash trees Approximately 2855 ash trees slated Fund created though a 2% tax increase over a five year period. Taken from a presentation by Tom Dilley, Natural Resources Specialist with the USDA Forest Service, NA, S&PF

40. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Community Cost Examples Winnetka, Illinois: population 12,500 Three pronged strategy to retain healthy ash trees, remove infested and high risk ash trees, and chemically treat healthy ash trees under 12” diameter that are far from an infested tree. Worst case scenario (complete infestation): the cost to remove all their ash trees: $1.2 million Taken from a presentation by Tom Dilley, Natural Resources Specialist with the USDA Forest Service, NA, S&PF

41. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Community Impact Think of this as your community. How will the death of all these trees effect your citizens?

42. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab St. Paul, MN Ash Removal- Minn. Public Radio, Nov 2009

43. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab St. Paul, MN Ash Removal- Minn. Public Radio, Nov 2009

44. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Community Forest Goals and Capacity What do you want your community forest to look like? – Tree lined streets, park trees, 100% planted, 50% planted Do you have the skills in house or do you need to contract? – Does your staff need training? – Can you afford contractors?

45. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Local Opportunities Shared community resources and partnerships: – Marshalling yards – Shared equipment/talent Short-term economic development – Ash wood products – Chips

46. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Private Trees Individual homeowners will also be hit. Can members of your community afford to remove or treat their ash trees? Are there any opportunities for assistance funds? What ordinances are in place that govern private trees? Do they need to be altered? Can you help ensure that your citizens won’t be taken advantage of? – These are all things that can be in your plan

47. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab What will this neighborhood look like? West Henrietta, NY

48. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Why make a plan? It takes time to train personnel It takes time to complete an inventory It takes time to make thoughtful decisions It takes time to develop intercommunity connections It takes time to create wood utilization projects It takes time to identify funding sources

49. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab More Assistance CCE New York Invasive Species Information Web Site: www.nyis.infowww.nyis.info Cornell Cooperative Extension: www.cce.cornell.edu www.cce.cornell.edu NYS Department of Environmental Conservation: www.dec.ny.govwww.dec.ny.gov NYS Agriculture and Markets: www.agmkt.state.ny.us www.agmkt.state.ny.us

50. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Thoughtful solutions result in a better outcome. We may not be able to stop it right now, but we can Slow The Spread

51. Preparing for the Emerald Ash Borer http://nyis.info/eab Credits NYS EAB Web Site: http://nyis.info/eabhttp://nyis.info/eab Presentation prepared by – Rebecca Hargrave, Horticulture and Natural Resources Extension Educator, Cornell Cooperative Extension of Chenango County, jrh45@cornell.edu, andjrh45@cornell.edu – Mark Whitmore, Forest Entomologist with Cornell University Department of Natural Resources mcw42@cornell.edu mcw42@cornell.edu Funded by USDA/APHIS and Cornell University July 27, 2012