1. Monitor & Analyse System
The Computing Center Management System (CCMS) allows you to monitor, control, and configure your SAP System

2. Monitoring: What, Why, Who, When
What - Components in R/3:
R/3 (application servers, buffers, applications, …)
Database: (performance, backup, …)
Operating system: (CPU, file system, …)
Why -
Keep the system running
Improve performance
Who -
Administrators
When -
Periodically 12 9 6 3 11 1 7 5 8 4 2 10
The R/3 System consists of many software and hardware components that contribute to the overall availability and performance of your R/3 installation. These components include:
The operating system (CPU, physical memory, disks, ...)
The database
The R/3 buffers
R/3 services (dialog, update, enqueue, spool, ...)
All these components must be monitored regularly.
The main goals of system monitoring are as follows:
To keep the system running
To analyze and correct errors
To improve performance
System monitoring is performed by different persons depending on their area of responsibility:
R/3 System administrators are responsible for assuring the performance of R/3
Database administrators are responsible for assuring the consistency of the database and for restoring the database if a database inconsistency or data loss occurs
Operating system administrators are responsible for providing physical storage media
The R/3 System should be monitored regularly at least once a day. However, we recommend more frequent monitoring than this, depending on the size of the installation.
The System Administration Assistant provides a suitable tool for developing a daily, weekly, or monthly monitoring plan.

3. Monitoring Tree Elements Monitoring Attributes
The Alert Monitor (RZ20)
View
All tree nodes
Monitoring Tree Elements
Represent one physical or logical object
Summarize alerts and propagate to higher nodes
Monitoring Objects
Receive data and may create alerts
Use data for analysis alerts
Monitoring Attributes
From the SAP Easy Access Menu, choose Tools  CCMS  Control/Monitoring  Alert Monitor or call transaction RZ20 directly.
The monitoring tree presents a hierarchy of system components displayed by the alert monitors. In Release 4.6, the alert monitor is delivered with standard monitor sets (for example, the SAP CCMS Monitor Templates) to provide detailed information on specific aspects of your system.
The alert monitor uses thresholds and rules to generate alerts whenever anything abnormal occurs in your R/3 System or its environment. Alerts direct your attention to critical situations so that you do not have to discover these for yourself. The alert monitor reports alerts up through the monitoring tree. The color of an MTE always represents the highest alert in all MTEs in its branch.
In each monitor, you can switch between a view of the current system status or open alerts:
Current system status shows the latest reported data on each MTE. The color of the alert and the alert message text reflect this data. They show the most serious current problem.
Open alerts shows where alerts exist that have not yet been analyzed and set to complete. The colors are set according to the most serious unprocessed alert. This view does not necessarily reflect the current status of the system.

4. Monitoring Concept and Alert Monitor
<SID>
<SID> SD
Transport
Database
<host>_<SID>_<No>
Performance
Monitoring Objects
Backup
Operating Syst.
Disk
CPU
Buffers
All objects summarized in monitoring tree
Display history and present state, especially alerts
Method assignment for:
Analyzing alerts
Reaction and notification
Data collection
CPU idle %
Monitoring Attributes
All objects to be monitored are summarized in one tree, which displays all the information necessary for monitoring and maintaining your system.
Each system component is represented by a monitoring object. These objects have different attributes, for example, CPU utilization is an attribute of the object CPU, and the buffer hit ratio is an attribute of the object buffers. These attributes receive data and may create alerts. The monitoring objects summarize alerts and propagate them to higher tree nodes. Use this information to display the current status of your system or to analyze its history and any alerts that occur.
The term monitoring tree element (MTE) is used to denote any node in the tree.
The alert monitor comes with numerous pre-delivered collection methods for all vital aspects of your system.
The monitoring infrastructure is implemented in C and offers C and ABAP interfaces for adding new MTEs. Using MTEs, external providers can also embed their objects or tools in the monitoring tree architectures.

5. Monitoring Architecture Terminology
Data Consumer: RZ20
Data Consumer
A P I
Monitor FM
Analyze
Monitoring Architecture
Performance DB
Monitoring
object
Monitoring
object
Monitoring
object
Data supplier
Data supplier
Data supplier
Data supplier
The alert monitoring framework consists of Data Suppliers (collection methods), Data Consumers (transaction RZ20, CCMS Monitoring Sets), and the Monitoring Architecture. This architecture is delivered ready to use with collection methods already created for all major components in the R/3 System environment. Typical data suppliers already active for reporting include: host operating system, R/3 database, R/3 Systems, instances, and their related services and components, and API for external components outside the R/3 System.
Data Suppliers, also called Collection Methods, are programs that collect information on different parts of the R/3 System and its environment. The collected data is then passed on to the monitoring infrastructure. Data suppliers “plug into” the monitoring architecture and use its services for displaying and managing the system information.
Monitoring Objects represent something in the R/3 System or environment that should be monitored. A monitoring attribute is one type of information that is reported on a particular monitoring object.
The Data Consumer is the layer of the architecture for displaying alerts and status data. The information collected by the various collection methods is passed to the data consumer through the monitoring architecture.
The Performance Database represents a series of tables in the R/3 database that store the collected information and performance data. DB OS
R/3
R/3 Syslog

6. Monitoring: R/3 Servers and Instances
Information:
Instance names
Hostname
Types of work processes
Release Notes
Work process overview
User overview
Application
server 1
Application
server 2
SM51
Action:
Remote Logon .
Application
server x
R/3 System
Transaction SM51 provides an overview of available servers.
You can use this transaction to:
Examine the processes of the server you are logged on to
Display the users of the system
Display the system log
Display the OS collector state
Dynamically switch to another server
Release Notes in this transaction show:
R/3 kernel release
R/3 release
Database release
OS release
If you use the System Administration Assistant for your daily system checks, it provides you with direct access to rransaction SM51.

7. Monitoring: R/3 Users SM04 / AL08 . Application Server 1 Information:
Client
Terminal
Transaction
SM04 / AL08
SM04 .
AL08
Actions:
Start and stop WPs
Debugging
Trace
End session
Application
Server x
Transaction SM04 provides an overview of users on a specific server. Transaction AL08 provides an overview of all the users in the R/3 System.
If you use the System Administration Assistant for your daily system checks, it provides you with direct access to transaction SM04.
The user overview provides information about:
User logged on to server (R/3 user name)
Terminal at which the user is working. The terminal name corresponds:
For a UNIX frontend, to the the display variable of the frontend process
For a Windows or OS/2 frontend, to the host name on which the frontend was started
Last executed R/3 transaction (transaction code)
Time at which the user last initiated a dialog step by entering data
Number of external sessions (R/3 sessions) that the user has opened (up to 6). To display detailed information on a user session, choose Sessions.
Type of connection (GUI or RFC)
SM04

8. Monitoring: Workload Analysis
Information:
Response time
DB request time
Load time
Wait time
CPU time
...
Different task types:
Dialog
Update
Background
RFC
Total
Application
server 1
ST03
Dispatcher
Task handler
Dynpro Processor
Application
server 2
ABAP Processor
DB-SS 12 9 6 3 11 1 7 5 8 4 2 10 .
Application
server x
The Workload Monitor displays detailed information about the work processes on the different application servers.
The information can be split up for different types of work processes and contains data such as:
Average response time
Average database request time
Number of steps
Roll-in and roll-out time
Average wait time
For more detailed information, investigate the following:
Transactions or reports with the longest times
Time profile
Memory profile

9. Monitoring: Buffers ST02 . Information (buffers): Hit ratio Free space
Swaps
...
Information (SAP memory):
Current in use
Max. used
On disk
In memory
ST02
Application
server 1
Table
Buffer
Application
server 2
Name-
tab
PXA
Buffer
... .
Application
server x
The R/3 buffers store frequently used data, and make this data available to the local application server instance. This helps to reduce the number of database accesses, the load on the database server (it does not need to be accessed repeatedly to obtain the same information), and network traffic, thus improving system performance.
The data buffered includes ABAP programs, screens, ABAP Dictionary data, and company-specific data, which typically remain unchanged during system operation.
Transaction ST02 displays buffer statistics of all important R/3 buffers.
Statistics displayed by this transaction include, for example:
Hit ratio
Allocated space
Remaining free space
Swaps
Transaction ST02 displays the following R/3 buffers: nametab, program, CUA, screen, calendar, table
For more detailed information, choose Detail Analysis Menu.

10. Database Monitoring DB02 ST04 DB12 DB13 Backup logs
Use the database analysis tools to look in more detail at alerts shown in RZ20
Database (view in RZ20)
<DB System>
space management
performance
backup/restore
R/3 consistency
running jobs
health
DB02 St t
ST04
DB12
DB13
The database has a significant effect on the performance of the entire system. Therefore, transaction RZ20 provides alerts concerning the database system.
The MTE Database provides information about space management, performance, backup and restore, and running jobs.
Transaction ST04 is the standard tool for monitoring database behavior and performance and is used to analyze several alerts concerning performance issues in the alert monitor. The R/3 Database Monitor (transaction ST04) displays the important parameters and performance indicators for the database, such as database size, database buffer quality, and database configuration.
The R/3 Database Monitor also provides the date and time when the database was started. Before you analyze the information in the R/3 Database Monitor, we recommend that you run the database for several hours with a typical database workload.
The Detail Analysis Menu of the SAP Database Monitor displays more detailed information on SQL requests, database parameters and change history, and statistics for analyzing database activity.
If you use the System Administration Assistant for your daily system checks, it also provides you with direct access to the database transactions.
Backup logs

11. CRITICAL TASKS contd… Checkup that the R/3 System is up
Check daily backup (DB12)
Check all A/s is Up (SM51)
Check the CCMS Alert Monitor (RZ20)
Check for any failed Updates (SM13)
Check System Log (SM21)
Reviewing cancelled Jobs (SM37)
Checking Locks (SM12)
Check for Users on the System (SM04/AL08)
contd…

12. CRITICAL TASKS Review and Resolve dumps (ST22)
Check for Spool Problems (SP01)
Check Job Log (SM35)
Review and Resolve dumps (ST22)
Review Workload Statistics (ST03)
Review buffer statistics (ST02)
Review of DB error logs (AL02/ST04)
Review of O/S logs (AL16/OS06)