1. Viewing High Performance (HP) Design
Shades of Green
Viewing High Performance (HP) Design
Southeastern Facility Masters Conference
Southeastern Association of School Business Officials
November 18-20, 2008
Little Rock, Arkansas
Larry Schoff, PE
Consultant to the US Department of Energy’s
EnergySmart Schools Program

2. DOE EnergySmart Schools
Goals
Approach
Impact
1. Promote 50% improved efficiency in new schools and major renovations or additions and 30% in existing buildings
2. Develop and disseminate technical guidance, best practices and case studies which address existing buildings and new construction
3. Identify sources of financing for high performance schools and provide tools that help stakeholders make a compelling business case
4. Collaborate with national, regional, and local partners to promote healthy, high-performance schools
Catalyze significant improvements in energy efficiency by promoting schools that progress towards net-zero energy buildings
Anticipated total energy savings from 700 schools: quads with $14 million in cost savings to schools by 2020 2

3. DOE EnergySmart Schools (cont.)
New Construction and Major Renovations
Primarily suburban districts and states with growing populations
Opportunity: Design in sustainability and high-performance from the outset
Target: At least 50% energy savings over ASHRAE standards
Existing Buildings/Retrofits
Primarily urban and rural districts, some driven by consolidations or need to upgrade aging infrastructures
Target: At least 30% energy savings 3

4. Presentation Outline Defining High Performance/Green/Sustainability
High Performance Design Guides
“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design
“Shading” Your High Performance Design
Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools
Financing High Performance Schools
Conclusion

5. Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Green
To significantly reduce or eliminate the negative impact of buildings on the environment and on the building occupants
High Performance
When a building, its systems and the occupants are operating effectively and efficiently 5

6. Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability (cont.)
HP/Green Design Concepts apply to all building types
LEED-NC initially applied to all
Now – Building types having LEED documents
K-12 Schools
Shell Buildings
Campus
CHPS – Now adopted by several states 6

7. Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability (cont.)
Life Cycle Cost vs. First Cost
All of the decisions affecting this entire life cycle cost are made in the smallest portion of the building life cycle cost-design.
High performance design must be incorporated from the start!
Operation
50%
Construction
11%
Financing
14%
Alterations 25%
Design is ONLY 6%-8% construction cost 7

8. Defining High Performance/Green/ Sustainability (cont.)
Integrated or Whole Building Design
Whole-building design considers all building components
Integrates all the subsystems
Design team should be fully integrated from the beginning; all the pieces must fit together
Building design team can include architects, engineers, building occupants and owners, and specialists in areas such as indoor air quality, materials, and energy use. 8

9. High Performance Design Guides
ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides
Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS) and Variations of CHPS
LEED
Local Government Guides 9

10. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design
Sustainable Sites
Energy Use
Water Efficiency
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Strategies and Technologies 10

11. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Sustainable Sites
Stormwater Design
Heat Island Effect
Light Pollution
Alternative Transportation
Site Selection/Disturbance
Sustainable Sites
Energy Use
Water Efficiency
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Strategies and Technologies 11

12. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Sustainable Sites
Stormwater Design
Heat Island Effect
Light Pollution
Alternative Transportation
Site Selection/Disturbance
Reflective roofing (ENERGY STAR)
Provide shade of the non-roof impervious surfaces or light color paving
Vegetative roof 12

13. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Sustainable Sites
Stormwater Design
Heat Island Effect
Light Pollution
Alternative Transportation
Site Selection/Disturbance
Bicycle storage and changing rooms
Alternative fuel vehicles
Public transportation
Parking capacity 13

14. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Energy Use
Energy Efficiency
Renewable Energy
Building Commissioning
Measurement and Verification
Green Power
Refrigeration Management
Sustainable Sites
Energy Use
Water Efficiency
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Strategies and Technologies 14

15. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Energy Use
Energy Efficiency
Renewable Energy
Building Commissioning
Measurement and Verification
Green Power
Refrigeration Management
Reduce energy at least 30% over baseline
Reduce energy by 50%
HP HVAC, lighting and ENERGY STAR compliant equipment 15

16. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Energy Use
Energy Efficiency
Renewable Energy
Building Commissioning
Measurement and Verification
Green Power
Refrigeration Management
Geo exchange
Solar hot water heat
PV system
Wind turbine 16

17. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Water Efficiency
Water Efficient Landscaping
Water Use Reduction
Wastewater Technologies
Sustainable Sites
Energy Use
Water Efficiency
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Strategies and Technologies 17

18. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Water Efficiency
Water Efficient Landscaping
Water Use Reduction
Wastewater Technologies
Native grasses and plants
Rainwater
Soil analysis
No potable water used for landscaping 18

19. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Water Efficiency
Water Efficient Landscaping
Water Use Reduction
Wastewater Technologies
Waterless urinals
Low flush commodes
Low flow faucets and shower heads
Composting toilets
Rainwater to flush commodes and urinals
Occupancy sensors 19

20. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Materials and Resources
Building Reuse
Waste Management
Material Reuse
Recycled Content
Regional Materials
Certified Woods
Rapidly Renewable Materials
Sustainable Sites
Energy Use
Water Efficiency
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Strategies and Technologies 20

21. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Materials and Resources
Building Reuse
Waste Management
Material Reuse
Recycled Content
Regional Materials
Certified Woods
Rapidly Renewable Materials
Sort by type
Reduce landfill costs
Reuse on site 21

22. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Materials and Resources
Building Reuse
Waste Management
Material Reuse
Recycled Content
Regional Materials
Certified Woods
Rapidly Renewable Materials
Installed cabinets and flooring
Concrete, CMU, brick and steel
Outside furniture 22

23. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Materials and Resources
Building Reuse
Waste Management
Material Reuse
Recycled Content
Regional Materials
Certified Woods
Rapidly Renewable Materials
Wheat board
Bamboo flooring
Rubber flooring
Linoleum
Certified lumber
Hay bales 23

24. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Indoor Environmental Quality
Low-Emitting Materials
System Controllability
Thermal Comfort
Daylight and Views
Construction IAQ Plans – During and After
Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Control
Outdoor Air Monitoring
Increased Ventilation
Sustainable Sites
Energy Use
Water Efficiency
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Strategies and Technologies 24

25. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Indoor Environmental Quality
Low-Emitting Materials
System Controllability
Thermal Comfort
Daylight and Views
Construction IAQ plans – During and After
Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Control
Outdoor Air Monitoring
Increased Ventilation
Provide Daylighting and Views
Clerestories
Light tubes
View glass
Light shelves (interior and exterior) 25

26. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder
Sustainable Sites
Energy Use
Water Efficiency
Materials and Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality
Strategies and Technologies 26

27. Energy Efficient Transformers
“Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder
Energy Efficient Transformers
Currently, out of sight and out of mind—Today a “Dark Hole for Energy Inefficiency” in all building types
Energy Being Lost Behind Closed Doors
Energy Efficient Transformers
A “Gold Mine” for efficiency and cost reductions 27

28. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder
Energy Efficient Transformers
A DOE study* found that:
Aging infrastructure and lightly loaded transformers
60-80 Billion kWh losses annually
40+ Million in commercial buildings
Installing energy efficient transformers can save the equivalent of 9 days of electric power generation
* Federal Register – Part II Department of Energy, EERE, 10 CFR Part 430, Energy Conservation Program for Commercial and Industrial Equipment : Energy Conservation Standards for Distribution Transformers, July 29, 2004. 28

29. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder
Electrical Distribution
Sub-metering of electrical circuits
Lighting
Outlet circuits
Kitchen
HVAC
other 29

30. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder
Hallway Lighting
Current design – on hours a day
Limited controls – all or nothing
Consider controls on hallway segments
Consider occupancy controls
Consider dark schools
Daylighting sensors / controls 30

31. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder
Placement of Light Switches
Why are all usually placed at one location or door?
Place only one at the door, others on other side of room
Exterior Fluorescent
Use for all exterior lighting
Reduce energy consumption by 70+%
Improved controllability 31

32. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder
CO2 and Occupancy Sensors
Control HVAC systems
Lighting controls
Outside air
Electrical Outlet Control
Why not control top outlet with an occupancy sensor?
Reduce plug and phantom loads
Daylighting Controls 32

33. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder
Oil Free Chillers – Non CFC
Frictionless; “maintenance free”
Reduces demand; energy use and costs
Low Life Cycle Cost
Modular/Condensing Boilers
Improved efficiency
Matches load with output
Displacement Under-floor Ventilation
Improved IAQ and reduced energy use 33

34. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder
Students, Administration, Community
Increases energy awareness
Have it interactive
Twenhofel Middle School, KY
Provides hands on experiences
Translates technologies and building features to every day life 34

35. “Shades of Green” – Areas and Elements of High Performance Design (cont.)
Strategies and Technologies
Electrical Distribution
Lighting Systems
Controls
HVAC
Buildings as a Teaching Tool
Target Finder
ew_bldg_design.bus_target_finder
Available for different building types
Helps establish an energy design goal – Kbtu/SF/Year
Provides information for providing an energy budget 35

36. “Shading” Your High Performance Design
Determining “Shades of Green”
Degree of incorporation of HP/green design elements
Number of HP/green elements used
Energy efficiency of design – ENERGY STAR
Doing the right thing – taking that first step 36

37. “Shading” Your High Performance Design (cont.)
Light Green
Integrated design
Basic building commissioning
East-west building orientation
North and south facing windows
Fluorescent fixtures and lamps including gym/multipurpose
EMCS system on HVAC
Low VOC paints and mastics
Water source heat pump system with individual room controls
Low-E glazing
Energy efficient transformers
Use of local materials
Lighting design 1.2 watts/SF
Energy modeling 37

38. “Shading” Your High Performance Design (cont.)
Olive Green: Same as light plus or enhanced
Whole building commissioning
Clerestory design for day-lighting plus view glazings – light shelves
Modular condensing boilers
High efficiency chillers
CO2 sensors to control outside air and fan motors
Occupancy sensors to control both HVAC and lighting systems
Daylighting controls
Waterless urinals
Fluorescent exterior lighting
Recycled carpets
Certified lumber and or renewable materials used for case work
Installation of PV system for instruction purposes
Heat recovery system for ventilation air
Highly reflective roofing material
Lighting design <1.1 watts/sf
Daylight modeling 38

39. “Shading” Your High Performance Design (cont.)
Dark Green: Same as olive plus or enhanced
No-water landscaping; enhanced landscaping for shading of building
Rainwater collection for necessary irrigation and flushing of restroom commodes
Installation of solar hot water pre-heat system for kitchen use
Installation of individual instant hot water heaters where needed
Geo-exchange system for heating and cooling
Pervious pavements
Living machine for treating wastewater on site
Expanded PV system to provide at least 15% of building electrical needs
Purchase of green power
Lighting design <0.9 watts/sf
Green roof (vegetated) 39

40. Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools40

41. Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools (cont.)
Zack Elementary, Poudre School District, CO

42. Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools (cont.)
The Dalles Middle School, Columbia River
Opened September 2002
Capacity: 600
LEED Gold
T-5 Lights and Sensors
Geo Exchange System
Natural Lighting
Light Tubes
Natural Ventilation
EMS
Light Screens
Light Shelves
50-60% less Energy
BOORA Architects

43. Examples of “Shades of Green” Schools (cont.)
Third Creek Elementary School, NC
First LEED GOLD School
Amphibian Garden at Third Creek – Waste water Management

44. Third Creek Elementary School, NC

45. • Principles of Financing • Making a Business Case • Financing Options
• State, Federal and Non-Profit
Resources
Co-branded by ASBO
Endorsed by NSBA 45

46. Principles of Financing High-Performance Schools
Principle 1. Determine Project Objectives
Principle 2. Avoid Cream Skimming
Principle 3. Identify All Cash Flows
Principle 4. Focus on Life-Cycle Cost Analysis
Principle 5. Select an Effective Cost-Benefit Mechanism
Principle 6. Monitor and Verify Results

47. Principles of Financing High-Performance Schools (cont.)
Principle 2. Avoid Cream Skimming
Investing in relatively low-cost projects with quick paybacks undermines efforts to finance more capital-intensive efforts with significant long-term benefits that can leverage those short-term payback.

48. It’s Not Rocket Science
Conclusion
In today’s world, operation of educational buildings should reflect not only the needs of the district but also the needs and goals of the Nation.
Let’s make High-Performance Buildings leading to Net Zero Energy Schools one of our goals in the 21st century.
It’s Not Rocket Science

49. Does a HP Building = Energy Efficient Building?
NO!
Buildings don’t operate themselves, people do
Energy awareness and proper operations are the keys to success in energy efficient operation

50. Webinar 1 Top 10 No-Cost Ways to Lower Your School’s Utility Bills
Webinar 2 Top 10 Low-Cost Ways to Lower Your School's Utility Bills
Webinar 3 Top 10 Investments to Lower Your School's Utility Bills
Completed
December 3, 2008, 1:00 – 2:30 PM EST
January 21, 2009, 1:00 – 2:30 PM EST
Hosted by
Sponsored by
For more information:
Emily L. Knupp
(direct)

51. Information, tools and resources available at
Margo Appel
Building Technologies Program
U.S. Department of Energy
(202)
Larry Schoff
Energy Efficient Solutions
(540)
Now is the right time to address pressing energy issues. The energy crisis in California threatens to spread nationwide. Energy issues are in the newspaper and on TV. They’re being debated on Capitol Hill and in every statehouse. School boards are starting to take seriously the issues of wise energy use.
All of which is to say, you have an audience for your message about energy efficiency. Decision makers are paying attention and if you present a compelling case for action, they will respond.
The time is right to make America’s schools Energy Smart. 51