1. Ch. 2: How to Judge Globalism
Sen (Excerpted from Sen, “How to Judge Globalism,” The American Prospect, 2002)

2. *GL is NOT new, NOT Western, and NOT a curse

3. GL is a matter of perspective
The Western narrative of GL begins with the Renaissance, moves to the Enlightenment, and the Industrial Revolution
BUT, if we go back to 1000 AD we find that GL moved from East to West

4. Global Interdependence and Movements
It’s the idea that GL=Westernization that incites parochial tendencies
i.e., resistance to all Western imports, even "positive" ones, e.g., shared values around freedom, knowledge, science, etc.

5. We need to move beyond the East-West dichotomy

6. Non-Western societies should NOT reject GL in principal
We can’t reverse economic predicament of poor by withholding advantages of technology, international trade, social and economic merits of living in an open society
The issue of distribution of economic gains/losses is a separate critical issue

7. Global Justice and the Bargaining Problem
Issue is not whether a particular arrangement is better for *everyone* than no cooperation at all
One cannot rebut distributional concerns by saying *everyone* is better off
Fair distribution of benefits is important

8. So-called “anti-GL” protests have become the most globalized events in the contemporary world
Protesters focus on the distribution of globalization’s benefits

9. Altering Global Arrangements
The issue is not whether to promote market economy
Market economy is compatible with different ownership patterns, resource availabilities, social opportunities, and rules & regulations
It's hard to achieve economic prosperity w/o benefits of exchange and specialization
BUT, markets don’t self-regulate!

10. Success depends on enabling conditions
Enabling conditions depend on economic, social, political institutions at national & global level
And there’s an urgent need for reforming institutional arrangements

11. Institutions and Inequality
Market outcomes are massively influenced by public policies in education, epidemiology, land reform, microcredit, legal protections, etc.