1. X-ray Impact, Riccardo Giacconi

2. What uses X-rays? baggage scanners Airline scanners Homeland security scanners X-ray photographs of a broken bone— radiographs CAT scans radiation therapy/ cancer treatment ?X-men comics?

3. When were X-rays discovered? 1895, by William Roentgen working with cathode ray tubes discovered an invisible ray that could pass through cardboard Took a radiograph (x-ray) of his wife’s hand and ring.

4. Why is not good to play with X-rays? early uses: shoe fitting fluoroscopes—1920’s hair removal taking pictures of bones

5. When were celestial X-rays discovered 1949 Why did it take soooo long? (1895 to 1949…) X-rays cannot penetrate the Earth’s atmosphere (That’s a good thing….)

6. Outline Class time: 2 x 45 min, or one block of 90 min. May be more effective as last half of one block and first half of second (allows time at home to digest reading) No in class X-ray experiments… (OSHA =  )

7. Outline (20 min)Students will work in groups to prepare a short summary, answer questions from the reading guide and share their “mark-ups**” for a section of the reading. **mark-ups are passages, phrases or words that required additional interaction, e.g. high-lighting, paraphrasing or defining. Thus, they should be “marked up” on the student’s reading material. (25 min) Groups will present their summary, answers and mark-ups to the rest of the class so the entire class will have the information from the whole reading. (35 min) The class will discuss the entire passage to address the discussion questions and other observations and questions that arise from students. (10 min)Exit ticket or short essay on what students found interesting, or specific teacher directed prompt from the discussion.

8. Discussion 1. What do you feel Giancconi would say are important traits for a scientist? Cite specific examples from the reading. 2. Do you feel the pursuit of x-ray research has been necessary and justified? 3. Is science the solitary pursuit of a single person or a group of people working together? Can you find examples in the reading? Are there examples you know of outside the reading?

9. Extension: The V-2 Rocket Used after capture by Naval Research Lab 80 assembled and launched, all had 2000 lb payload. Didn’t want to have standard “explosive” payload, why not put instrumentation on board… Lead to rocket programs Not extremely effective war tool for Germany