1. In Nepal

2.  Aakankshya Dhakal  Priya Joshi  Pratima Neupane  Riya Shrestha  Rimjhim Singh  Sukriti Tiwari  Sushil Gnawali  Aashish Bhattarai  Ramesh Bikram Thapa  Milan Khatri  Pawan Adhikari  Bibek Pahadi

3.  According to Philip Kotler, “Marketing is a social & managerial process by which individual & group obtain what they need and want through creating offering & freely exchanging products & services of value with others.”  According to American Marketing Association, “Marketing is the process of planning & executing the conception, pricing, promotion & distribution of goods & services to create exchange that satisfies individual & organization objectives.”

5.  Origin of Marketing was during 17 th Century  But Western Countries adopted Only During 19 th Century  Later America adopted Marketing in mid 19 th Century  While Nepal adopted only in the late 19 th century

6. Objective Achievement Target Market Customer Orientation Integrated Marketing

7.  Production Concept  Product Concept  Selling Concept  Marketing Concept  Societal Marketing Concept

8. MMarketing was totally neglected, enterprise tend to concentrate on production and selling rather than marketing activities TThere was only physical distribution of goods and services from producer to consumer WWhole transaction start after good production and end after good has been sold NNo enterprise provided any allied activity of marketing AAt those period main object of marketing was to maximize profit by maximizing production and sales

9.  Nepal has experienced significant socioeconomic changes over the last years.  The supply-driven marketing where organization could sell everything they produced, is increasingly giving way to demand-driven marketing.  The realization gradually coming that customer and their important.