1. The Thirteen Colonies

2. New England
Puritans
1628
Wanted religious freedom, a more PURE religion
Massachusetts Bay Area
John Winthrop- governor
Passed a law requiring parents to teach their children to read, so they could read the Bible
Schools- 50 families or more
open all year, NO SUMMER VACATION
Puritans believe vacation was a waste of “God’s precious time”
Founded the first college- HARVARD!!
RELIGION WAS VERY IMPORTANT TO THE PURITANS
people had follow their beliefs to be welcomed into the colony

3. New England
1636- Connecticut was settled by Reverend Thomas Hooker, who didn’t like the beliefs of the Puritans
Fundamental Orders
first written system of government
based on the belief of doing what the people want not just the leaders
MOST OF THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIES WERE FORMED BY PEOPLE WHO HAD SOME SORT OF ISSUE WITH THE PURITAN BELIEFS

4. New England summary Settlers- English, Puritans
Major industries- Fishing, shipbuilding, whaling, trading, lumberjacking
Major Crops- corn, barley, wheat rye, flax

5. Middle Colonies
Land was covered in hardwood trees, it was fertile and climate was good for growing crops
The colonies in this region were called the “breadbasket” colonies because they produced so much wheat!!
The people of this region all came from different countries and religions

6. Middle Colonies New York 1704
Located on a river- good harbor for shipping
People: Dutch, English, Free Africans, French, Jews
Dutch had a strong influence in this area
Houses were Dutch style, which had a stoop where many families spent their time talking to neighbors
The door opened half way, making it easy to talk to neighbors while keep the animals inside
Windmills

7. Middle Colonies Pennsylvania 1681- William Penn
Member of the Quakers- believed all people are equal and basically good
Wanted to create a refuge for Quakers, who were often treated unfairly
Immigrants from all over Europe came to Pennsylvania and helped the colony prosper
skilled workers, farmers

8. Middle Colonies Indian Relations
Penn had a good relationship with the American Indians, but some problems arose
More settlers=more land
Scotch-Irish fought with them
Quakers refused to fight back, which made many other settlers angry

9. Middle Colonies summary
Geography- hardwood forests, harbors, fertile soil, rivers
Industries- flour milling, farming, shipping, trading, rifle making
Crops- wheat

10. Southern Colonies Virginia
FIRST permanent English colony in North America!!!
1607- Jamestown
5 years later- James Rolfe brought tobacco plants
Tobacco became a cash crop
cash crop- a crop that is sold rather than used themselves
Africans started being sold as slaves to plantation owners
1661- slavery became LEGAL

11. Maryland Cash crop- tobacco
Founded by the Calverts, a family of wealthy business people
wanted to make money and provide a refuge for Catholics
1649- Maryland passed a law allowing religious freedom

12. Indian Relations Mostly friendly
As more people came, the more tense things got
1622- Indians attacked the settlers because they did not like losing their fishing and hunting grounds
This attack killed 340 people, so the English started a war against the Indians and WON!