1. US Political Freedoms Prior to 1820

2. The Bill of Rights (1791)
A series of Amendments to the Constitution designed to protect people and the states from the abuses of government

3. Amendment I Freedom of Religion Freedom of Assembly
Freedom of Petition
Freedom of Press
Freedom of Speech
Remember RAPPS?

4. Amendment II
A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

5. Amendment III
No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

6. Amendment IV No illegal search and seizures
Searches may only take place under a warrant OR with reasonable suspicion

7. Amendment V Indictment by a Grand Jury No Double Jeopardy
No self-incrimination
No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law
Government may not take private property without fair compensation (eminent domain)

8. Amendment VI Right to a speedy and public trial
Right to trial by an impartial jury
Right to be confronted with the witnesses against him
Right to an attorney

9. Provides for trial by jury in civil cases (lawsuits)
Amendment VII
Provides for trial by jury in civil cases (lawsuits)

10. Amendment VIII
No excessive bail
No excessive fines
No cruel and unusual punishments

11. Amendment IX
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

12. Amendment X
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people

13. Amendment XI (1795)
Establishes “sovereign immunity” – citizens cannot sue a state in federal court for monetary damages, but may sue a state if the state is in violation of federal law

14. Amendment XII (1804)
Changes the rules for electing the president and vice-president
Old rules – whoever got the most votes for president won, whoever got the second most votes became vice-president!

15. All men created equal?
Originally, only WHITE, PROPERTY OWNING MEN were allowed to vote in the US!

16. Role of Women Primary role was as wives, mothers, and homemakers
Poor, single women might work outside the home as servants
Had few property rights, could not vote

17. Abigail Adams Wife of John Adams
Pushed for women’s rights to education, own property, and have a voice in politics-voting(suffrage)
"...remember the ladies … Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands … all Men would be tyrants if they could … [we] will not hold ourselves bound by any Laws in which we have no voice, or Representation.”

18. Native American Relations
As more white settlers pushed west, they came into increasing conflict with Native Americans
Natives were NOT considered US citizens, and so had few rights
US law protected settlers over native interests

19. Tennessee & Kentucky become states
First settled by whites in the 1750s and 1760s
Led to conflicts with native groups
Kentucky became the 15th state in 1792
Tennessee became the 16th state in 1796

20. Western Indian Confederacy
Many Great Lakes area tribes worked together to present a united front against US expansion
Badly defeated US troops in battles in 1790 and 1791

21. Battle of Fallen Timbers
August 20, 1794, near Toledo, Ohio
US troops under “Mad” Anthony Wayne defeated Indian Confederation under Blue Jacket
Ended the Northwest Indian War

22. Tecumseh Shawnee tribal leader
Attempted to unite all Natives against US
Opposed treaties with US government
Allied himself with the British during the War of 1812
Killed during the war

23. Treaty of Greenville August 2, 1795
Natives agreed to surrender most of Ohio and areas that are today Detroit and Chicago for $20,000 in goods and the creation of a permanent boundary between US and Indian territory
Future settlers ignored the negotiated boundary

24. Battle of Tippecanoe Nov. 7, 1811
US forces under Harrison attacked Tecumseh’s Indian alliance’s HQ in Indiana, shattering the new Indian confederacy
Tecumseh fled to Canada and joined with the British
British support of the Indians would be a contributing factor to the start of the War of 1812

25. William Henry Harrison
Governor of the Indiana Territory
Became a national hero due to his victories in both Tecumseh’s War and the War of 1812
Known as “Old Tippecanoe”
Later elected President of the US

26. Slavery: a “necessary evil”
3/5ths Compromise in Constitution only counted slaves as 3/5 of a person
Slaves were NOT citizens and had no legal rights
Some free blacks in the North did enjoy citizenship
By 1800, close to 1 million slaves in US, or about 1/6 of the population

27. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin
Machine that separated usable cotton from its seeds
Made cotton farming more profitable and led to the rise of “King Cotton”, the South’s dependency on the cotton trade
Growth in the cotton trade led to further growth in slavery

29. Beginnings of the Abolitionist movement
Many people opposed slavery
Most northern states passed laws ending slavery there
Even though many Southerners questioned the morality of slavery, they considered it a “necessary evil” from which they could not escape.