1. 18.2 History of U.S. Parties

2. The Start of Political Parties Realignment = When a party's base of support among the electorate changes.  The people who support a party change.  Can also mean when a party changes.

3. The First Political Parties Parties appeared soon after the new Constitution.  Federalists vs. Democratic- Republicans George Washington warned the country against parties.  Refused to belong to either!

4. The First Political Parties Federalists led by Alexander Hamilton.  Supported new industry, tariffs. Democratic-Republicans led by Thomas J.  Supported farming as best for nation.

5. The End of the Federalists The 1796 and 1800 Elections.  `John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson.  Jefferson wins in 1800. The death of Alexander Hamilton (1800-1824)D-R's dominate U.S. Politics.

6. The First Realignment 1824 election.  D-Rs support 4 candidates.  Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams Strike a deal, leave out Jackson. Jackson furious, splits his supporters into new party!  Democrats

7. The First Realignment 1828 Election, Democrats vs. Whigs Jackson beats J.Q.A., Democrats win most elections until 1860. DemocratsWhigs Opposed “Special Privileges” Supported Slavery Opposed Tariffs, Govt. Programs Pro small-farmer/pioneer, small businessmen Supported Govt. Programs High Tariffs Liked new Industry Not popular with immigrants

8. The Second Realignment Slavery causes both parties to split in half. New Anti-Slavery Party, the Republicans. – Free Soil, Free Men, and Fremont (1856)

9. The Second Realignment Republicans lose in 1856, win in 1860. The South secedes, Civil War begins!

10. Post-War Parties Parties confined to different regions after ACW. Republicans in the North, Democrats in South. Democrats gain support among immigrants.

11. The Third Realignment 1896 election William J. Bryan (D) vs.William McKinley ® W.J.B.'s platform Return to moral, conservative roots. Govt. to support the Common Man.

12. The Third Alignment RepublicansDemocrats Supported; High Tariffs Govt. Subsidies for businesses Gold Standard Supported; Anti-Trust Laws Farmer Programs Govt. Assistance to workers. Big Business Professionals (Middle Class Skilled Workers Farmers Working Poor

13. The Third Alignment (1896-1932) Republicans control Presidency for all but 8 years. Only Woodrow Wilson (D) broke this.

14. The Fourth Realignment Caused by Great Depression! Democrats = Pass New Deal, party of big government Republicans = Oppose New Deal, become party of less govt.

15. The Fifth Realignment? (1932-1968) Democrats control Fed. Govt. (1968) New Deal Coalition falls apart. Labor Groups, Urban residents, southern whites, African Americans. Southern Whites vote Republican for Nixon. Party Platforms stay same. Voting Patterns change. Real Alignment?