1. Stan Tai

2. Definition Result-Oriented Caring : An action that you see other’s need and try to get to that change you want. Process-Oriented Caring : An action that I can do now that concentrates on the care receiver’s needs and leave the results to God.

3. Similarity Both approaches want the best of the care receivers. Both approaches want the care receiver to experience heal and new life, to make positive adjustment, and to move on in his/her life.

4. Results-Oriented CaregiversProcess-Oriented Caregivers Try to ask CR to do what they think that should be done right away to avoid the problems Concentrate on what they are able to do and leave the results to God Focus on “curegiving” on trying to solve others’ problems Concentrate on caring for others Foster dependence by making decisions for others Foster dependence on God, and self-reliance, by helping others make their own decision Use their “caregiving” to satisfy self- centered needs to feel good about themselves and in control Focus their other-centered care on providing what their care receivers need Try to control others’ behaviorsTry to control their own behavior Dissimilarity

5. Process-Oriented Caring The main focus needs to be on the process of caring rather than on results. That is to focus on what steps to take to achieve the result.

6. Exercise Your friend Jennie has lost her husband a month ago. She feels sad, hurt, lonely, lost, angry and can not take herself out of house to church, to work. Through your caring relationship with Jennie, you hope that she would --------- (goals you want her to accomplish)

7. Result Goals Jennie would no longer feel her loss as a raw wound, untouchable excruciating painful. Although Jennie still mourns, her anger would dissipate and her sadness no longer incapacitate her. Jennie would know that you care for her; she would trust you and trust others as well. Jennie would return her job and successfully deal with peoples’ offers of sympathy. Jennie would get out, socialize, and participate in church and community activities. Jennie would work through her grief.

8. Result GoalsProcess Jennie would no longer feel her loss as a raw wound, untouchable and excruciating painful. Providing a comforting and accepting situation; helping Jennie talk openly about her husband’s death.

9. Result GoalsProcess Although Jennie still mourns, her anger would dissipate and her sadness no longer incapacitate her. Helping Jennie to express her feelings of sadness, hurt, or anger.

10. Result GoalsProcess Jennie would know that you care for her; she would trust you and trust others as well. Relating to Jennie in a caring and consistent fashion.

11. Result GoalsProcess Jennie would return her job and successfully deal with peoples’ offers of sympathy. Encouraging Jennie to share with her fears about returning to her job and how she will handle offers of sympathy.

12. Result GoalsProcess Jennie would get out, socialize, and participate in church and community activities. Helping Jennie to consider the possibility of entering into social situations.

13. Result GoalsProcess Jennie would work through her grief. Communicating to Jennie that it is both acceptable and healthy to grieve.

14. Distinctive Christian Results Community Perspective on suffering Forgiveableness Forgiveability Trust A new relationship with God A renewed relationship with God Christian Hope Christ-centered stability Christ-centered self-image Peace

15. Betty, in her 30s, has gone through a difficult divorce. She has stopped attending church, perhaps because she believes she is unworthy to associate with “good” people. She is isolated; she spends most of each day in her house with her two preschool children. She has a great deal of resentment toward her husband coupled with a great deal of guilt about her own conduct. She seems to have lost faith, not only in men, but in people in general, may be in God. Her life seems to have no focus or purpose. Discuss in your group 1.Which of the 11 results can you expect for Betty as a result of your care? 2.How would you go about it?

16. Beverly, a 90-year old widow in a nursing home. She has no family or friends left. Her physical condition is poor; she has a little time left. She is unresponsive and incoherent. Discuss in your group 1.Which of the 11 results can you reasonably expect for Betty as a result of your care? 2.How would you go about it?