1. Ch 16: Popln Genetics and Speciation
16.1 Genetic Equilibrium - stable
Variation of Traits Within a Popln
A. popln genetics – study of evoln from genetic point of view

2. B. microevoln – small scale – genetics of a population

3. C. Causes of variation
1. mutation
2. recombination
3. random pairing of gametes

4. II. Gene Pool
A. defn – total genetic info of popln
B. allele frequency – how often allele (trait) appears in popln

5. 16.2 Disruption of Genetic Equilibrium
Mutation
Gene Flow
A. gene flow – moving genes from one popln to another
B. emigration
C. immigration
III. Natural Selection

6. Natural selection in action

7. IV. Genetic Drift – allele frequencies change by chance

8. V. Nonrandom Mating – mate selection - due to proximity, calling, etc

9. 16. 3 Formation of Species
The Concept of Species
A. species – similar organisms that can reproduce and have fertile offspring
B. speciation – making a new species

10. Forming of species

11. II. Isolation and Speciation A. Speciation begins with isolation B
II. Isolation and Speciation A. Speciation begins with isolation B. Geographical isolation 1. physical separation 2. canyons, mountain, water, etc

12. C. Reproduction Isolation 1
C. Reproduction Isolation 1. prezygotic isolation – premating isolation (before) a. mating call not recognized b. mating times (frogs pg 329)

13. 2. postzygotic isolation – postmating a. offspring may die b
2. postzygotic isolation – postmating a. offspring may die b. offspring may not dev completely c. offspring may be infertile

14. III. Rates of Speciation A. gradualism – slowly B
III. Rates of Speciation A. gradualism – slowly B. punctuated equilibrium – rapid change in little periods

16. Overview of theory of evolution

17. Tortoise