1. GENETICS

5. GREGOR MENDEL (1822- 1884)

9. Self Fertilization Offspring= Purebred

10. Cross Fertilization Offspring = Hybrid

11. CROSS POLLINATION

13. HYBRID COCKAPOO COCKER SPANIEL + POODLE

14. HYBRID PUG + BEAGLE PUGGLE

15. HYBRID DOG AND WOLF DOG AND WOLF

16. male lion and a female tiger Liger

17. Peas!

18. GENETIC TERMINOLOGY DominantDominant RecessiveRecessive HomozygousHomozygous HeterozygousHeterozygous GenotypeGenotype PhenotypePhenotype TraitTrait AlleleAllele

19. Dominant allele- trait is always expressed if present - Written as capital letter - Ex. Tall= T Recessive allele- only expressed if no dominant allele is present –(Dominant allele masks this one) - For a particular trait written as the same letter but lower case - Ex. Short= t Dominant and Recessive Alleles

20. Genotype- the genes you get from your parents –Two letters represent the two alleles –One from mom one from dad – TT, Tt, tt Phenotype- the physical trait, what you look like –Tall short, yellow or green –TT, tt what is the phenotype??

21. Homozygous - the same alleles for a gene –TT, tt Heterozygous - having different alleles for a gene –Tt

22. Trait = Height TALL SHORT  alleles 

24. Flower Color Trait Gene- unit of inherited information in DNA Allele- alternative form of a gene ( white purple)

25. Test Cross- mate an unknown genotype ( TT or Tt) with homozygous recessive (tt)

26. Reginald Punnett

29. In Starfish being red is dominant over being pink. What would Patrick ’ s phenotype be? What would his genotype be? What would Patrick ’ s phenotype be? What would his genotype be?

30. PINK Because Patrick is pink… his phenotype is PINK rr And since pink is recessive – his genotype would be “ rr ”

31. Red pink Red is dominant over pink red Suppose we had a HETEROZYGOUS red starfish what would the genotype be?

32. Rr

33. Let’s do some… MONOHYBRID CROSSES! Monohybrid means we are only using ONE TRAIT

34. STEP by STEP 1.Select a “good” letter to use 2.Write down your “givens” 3.Determine parents and record 4.Set up Punnett Square 5.Determine genotypes & phenotypes of offspring (use percentages or fractions) (use percentages or fractions)

35. In pea plants being Tall is dominant over being short Cross a Heterozygous Tall plant with a Homozygous Tall plant

36. Aa x AA Geno = 50% AA 50% Aa Pheno = 100% Tall A A A

37. In sponges, being blue is dominant over being yellow. Cross a heterozygous blue sponge with a yellow one.

38. Heterozygous Blue = Bb Recessive Yellow = bb so we cross… Bb x bb

39. Time for some Monohybrid Crosses on your own! Time for some LOONEY Monohybrid Crosses on your own!

40. Red is dominant over Blue

41. T TTEST EST CCRROOSSSSTTEST EST CCRROOSSSSCROSS

42. MENDELS LAWS 1. Dominance & Recessiveness 2.Segregation 3. Independent Assortment

43. PEDIGREE male female