1. Simple Machines A device created to make work easier.

2. How do machines make work easier? Machines can multiply the input force. Mechanical Advantage (Force out / Force in) Machines change the direction of the input force. Machines can never multiply work done that would violate the law of conservation of energy!

3. What are three types of simple machines? Lever – 1 st Class – 2 nd Class – 3 rd Class Wheel and Axel – Pulley Inclined Plane – Fixed and moving

4. Lever Classes

5. First class lever: See Saw E-F-R Changes the direction of the input force. Mechanical Advantage is adjustable. F in x d (effort arm) = F out x d (resistance arm)

6. Second Class: Wheel barrow E-R-F Always has a mechanical advantage greater than 1. The Resistance will always move a smaller distance than the effort. Effort and resistance move in the same direction.

7. Third Class: Baseball Bat F-E-R Effort and motion are in the same direction. Mechanical advantage is always less than 1 Generally increase the speed of the lever.

8. Pulley: Bicycle pedals Fixed pulleys change direction but have no mechanical advantage. Mobile pulleys increase mechanical advantage. Each rope attached to the load supports an equal percentage of the load. Multiple pulleys can greatly increase mechanical advantage. As mechanical advantage increases so does distance.

9. Count the ropes!

10. Inclined planes: Ramps The lower the angle generally the greater the mechanical advantage. Reducing friction is the key. Mobile inclined plane. An axe or a knife.

11. Efficiency: Work out/ Wok in How much energy can you convert to useful work? Where does the energy go that is not converted into useful work? The 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics.

12. What are the major sources of Energy lost for each of our machines? Lever: Pulley: Inclined plane:

13. What happens to these loses of energy as the mechanical advantage increases? Lever Pulleys Inclined planes

14. Is there ever a free lunch? What is the general relationship between mechanical advantage and efficiency? What implications does this have for our high energy use society? How does this relate to respiration, combustion and photosynthesis? Matter works in cycles? Does energy?