1. Clinical Depression Emmanuelle Angeles W8

2. What is Clinical Depression?  A constant sense of hopelessness and despair most of the day; Sometimes for two weeks  May be difficult to work, study, sleep, and enjoy friends and activities  Seems to occur from one generation to the next in some families  May affect people with no family history of the illness

3. Causes  Grief from losing a loved one through death, divorce, or separation  Social isolation or feelings of being deprived  Major life changes (moving, graduation, job change, retirement)  Personal conflicts in relationships, either with a significant other or a superior  Physical, sexual, or emotional abuse

4. Symptoms  Fatigue or loss of energy almost every day  Feelings of worthlessness or guilt almost every day  Impaired concentration, indecisiveness  Insomnia or hypersomnia almost every day  Diminished interest or pleasure in almost all activities nearly every day  Restlessness or feeling slowed down  Recurring thoughts of death or suicide  Significant weight loss or gain

5. Differences between Women and Men Women:  Almost twice as many women than men  Puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, miscarriage, menopause  Stress at home or at work  Raising a child alone Men:  Underreported  Signs:  Irritability  Anger  drug & alcohol abuse (can be cause of depression)  Repressing feelings result in violent behavior inwardly and outwardly:  Illness, suicide, or homicide

6. Treatments  Antidepressant to control symptoms  Psychotherapy or talk therapy  Electroconvulsive therapy(ECT or shock therapy)

7. Further Prevention Once you have had an episode of clinical depression, you are at a high risk of having another.  Be aware of the causes of clinical depression  Continue taking medications  Know symptoms of major depression  Consult your doctor early if you have any symptoms

8. Today’s and One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest’s treatments TodayOne Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Antidepressant Psychotherapy/Talk Therapy Electroconvulsive Therapy Medication Group Sessions Daily routine Electroconvulsive Therapy Lobotomy They both have similar treatments such as medication, group sessions/talk therapy, and electroconvulsive therapy. However, the treatments in the film are more mind-numbing, unpleasant, and humiliating.