1. MLA Bibliography When you start writing papers that require Modern Language Association (MLA) format bibliography. H:My Documents/Social Studies/MLA Introduction

2. Bibliography Alphabetize all references

3. Bibliography Alphabetize all references Do not indent the entry; starts on 1 inch left margin.

4. Bibliography Alphabetize all references Do not indent the entry; starts on 1 inch left margin. Word Document: Format, Paragraph, Indents and Spacing Tab, Indentation/Special/hanging.

5. Bibliography Alphabetize all references Do not indent the entry; starts on 1 inch left margin. Word Document: Format, Paragraph, Indents and Spacing Tab, Indentation/Special/hanging. Second line of reference is “hanging” indent by ½ inch.

6. Bibliography Alphabetize all references Do not indent the entry; starts on 1 inch left margin. Word Document: Format, Paragraph, Indents and Spacing Tab, Indentation/Special/hanging. Second line of reference is “hanging” indent by ½ inch. See for research paper format: http://webster.commnet.edu/mla/format. shtml

7. Bibliography One Author: –Seah, Audrey. Vietnam. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 1994.

8. Bibliography One Author: –Seah, Audrey. Vietnam. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 1994. Two Authors: –Ray, Nick, and Wendy Yanagihara. Vietnam. Oakland, CA: Lonely Planet, 2005.

9. Bibliography Three Authors: –Busbey, Arthur B., Donde J. Smith, and Jill R. Sandman, Rocks and Fossils. San Francisco: Time- Life Books, 1996.

10. Bibliography Four Authors: –Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman, 1985.

11. Bibliography If there are more than three authors, you may name only the first and add et al. (“and others”), or you may give all names in full in the order in which they appear on the title page. –Quirk, Randolph, et al. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman, 1985.

12. Bibliography Encyclopedia Article: –MacDonald, Charles B. “Vietnam War.” Encyclopedia Americana International Edition. 1983 ed.

13. Bibliography Encyclopedia Article: –MacDonald, Charles B. “Vietnam War.” Encyclopedia Americana International Edition. 1983 ed. Signed Article in Magazine: –Safer, Barbara. “Vietnam: The Government.” U.S. News and World Report Sept. 2005: 29- 33.

14. Bibliography Unsigned Article in Magazine: Ignore a beginning “A”, “An”, or “The” in the title. –“Vietnam War : Ten Years after.” Newsweek June 1983: 20-23.

15. Bibliography Unsigned Article in Magazine: Ignore a beginning “A”, “An”, or “The” in the title. –“Vietnam War : Ten Years after.” Newsweek June 1983: 20-23. Unsigned Article in Pamphlet –“Socialist Republic of Vietnam.” CultureGrams 2005: 705-708.

16. Bibliography Reference Book on CD-ROM: –“Water Buffaloes of Vietnam.” Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Danbury, CT: Grolier Interactive, 1998.

17. Bibliograhy Reference Book on CD-ROM: –“Water Buffaloes of Vietnam.” Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Danbury, CT: Grolier Interactive, 1998. TV or Radio Program: –“Vietnam, the Country.” Nightline in Primetime. ABC, KIRO, Seattle, WA. 24 Sept. 2005.

18. Bibliograhy Internet Article: See the following sites if you forget: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup/cgos 2006/basic.html http://www.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/ workshop/citmla.htm

19. Bibliograhy Internet Article: –Hoverson, Paul. “Life on Mir, or, roughing in on the ‘frontier.’ ” Florida Today: Space Online. 20 Aug. 1997. 10 Mar. 2006 <http://www.flatoday.com/space/ explore/stories/1997b/ 082097c.htm.

20. Bibliograhy Internet Book: –Irving, Washington. The Adventures of Vincent. UWarchive. July 2005. Project Black Cat. 31 Aug 2004 <ftp://uwarchive.cso.udub. edu/pub/etext/blackcat/exet20/ taocb10.txt>.

21. Bibliograhy Internet Email: –Library of Congress. “The Air War in Vietnam.” E-mail to the author. 8 Sept. 2004.

22. Bibliograhy Internet Web Site: –Hadi, Abdul. “Origin of the Pan-Arab Colours.” FOTW: Flags of the World. 1986. FOTW. 27 Mar. 2006 <http://flagspot.net/ flags/arabcols.html>.

23. Bibliograhy References from: –Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6 th ed. New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 2003.

24. Bibliograhy The slide before this one was the last slide of the presentation. There is no need to go any further. You need to control your disappointment, as there will be more opportunities to take notes later in the third trimester.

25. Pan-Arab Colours http://flagspot.net/flags/arabcols.html Red –The Khawarij were the first Islamic group to emerge after the assassination of Caliph Uthman III, forming the first republican party in the early days of Islam. Their symbol was the red flag. Arab tribes who participated in the conquest of North Africa and Andalusia carried the red flag, which became the symbol of the Islamic rulers of Andalusia (756-1355). –In modern times, red symbolizes the Ashrafs [ie. Sharifians] of the Hijaz and the Hashemites, descendants of the Prophet. Quoted source: Abdul Hadi 1986 [hdi86].hdi86

26. Pan-Arab Colours http://flagspot.net/flags/arabcols.html Green: The Fatimid Dynasty (909-1171), North Africa –The Fatimid Dynasty was founded in Morocco by Abdullah Al-Mahdi, and went on rule all of North Africa. They took green as their color, to symbolize their allegiance to Ali, the Prophet's cousin, who was once wrapped in a green coverlet in place of the Prophet in order to thwart an assassination attempt. Quoted source: Abdul Hadi 1986 [hdi86].hdi86

27. Pan-Arab Colours http://flagspot.net/flags/arabcols.html White: The Umayyad Dynasty (661-750), Damascus –The Umayyads ruled for ninety years, taking white as their symbolic color as a reminder of the Prophet's first battle at Badr, and to distinguish themselves from the Abbasids, by using white, rather than black, as their color of mourning. Mu'awia Ibn Abi Sufian (661-750), founder of the Umayyad state, proclaimed himself Caliph of Jerusalem. Quoted source: Abdul Hadi 1986 [hdi86].hdi86

28. Pan-Arab Colours http://flagspot.net/flags/arabcols.html Black: The Prophet Mohammad (570-632) –In the seventh century, with the rise of Islam and subsequent liberation of Mecca, two flags - one white, one black - were carried. On the white flag was written, "There is no god but God (Allah) and Mohammad is the Prophet of God." –In pre-Islamic times, the black flag was a sign of revenge. It was the color of the headdress worn when leading troops into battle. Both black and white flags were placed in the mosque during Friday prayers. –The Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258), ruling from Baghdad, took black as a symbol of mourning for the assassination of relatives of the Prophet and in remembrance of the Battle of Karbala. Quoted source: Abdul Hadi 1986 [hdi86].hdi86

29. Pan-Arab Colours http://flagspot.net/flags/arabcols.html Black: The Prophet Mohammad (570-632) –In the seventh century, with the rise of Islam and subsequent liberation of Mecca, two flags - one white, one black - were carried. On the white flag was written, "There is no god but God (Allah) and Mohammad is the Prophet of God." –In pre-Islamic times, the black flag was a sign of revenge. It was the color of the headdress worn when leading troops into battle. Both black and white flags were placed in the mosque during Friday prayers. –The Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258), ruling from Baghdad, took black as a symbol of mourning for the assassination of relatives of the Prophet and in remembrance of the Battle of Karbala. Quoted source: Abdul Hadi 1986 [hdi86].hdi86

30. Pan-Arab Colours http://flagspot.net/flags/arabcols.html Red –The Khawarij were the first Islamic group to emerge after the assassination of Caliph Uthman III, forming the first republican party in the early days of Islam. Their symbol was the red flag. Arab tribes who participated in the conquest of North Africa and Andalusia carried the red flag, which became the symbol of the Islamic rulers of Andalusia (756-1355). –In modern times, red symbolizes the Ashrafs [ie. Sharifians] of the Hijaz and the Hashemites, descendants of the Prophet. Green: The Fatimid Dynasty (909-1171), North Africa –The Fatimid Dynasty was founded in Morocco by Abdullah Al-Mahdi, and went on rule all of North Africa. They took green as their color, to symbolize their allegiance to Ali, the Prophet's cousin, who was once wrapped in a green coverlet in place of the Prophet in order to thwart an assassination attempt. White: The Umayyad Dynasty (661-750), Damascus –The Umayyads ruled for ninety years, taking white as their symbolic color as a reminder of the Prophet's first battle at Badr, and to distinguish themselves from the Abbasids, by using white, rather than black, as their color of mourning. Mu'awia Ibn Abi Sufian (661-750), founder of the Umayyad state, proclaimed himself Caliph of Jerusalem. Black: The Prophet Mohammad (570-632) –In the seventh century, with the rise of Islam and subsequent liberation of Mecca, two flags - one white, one black - were carried. On the white flag was written, "There is no god but God (Allah) and Mohammad is the Prophet of God." –In pre-Islamic times, the black flag was a sign of revenge. It was the color of the headdress worn when leading troops into battle. Both black and white flags were placed in the mosque during Friday prayers. –The Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258), ruling from Baghdad, took black as a symbol of mourning for the assassination of relatives of the Prophet and in remembrance of the Battle of Karbala. Quoted source: Abdul Hadi 1986 [hdi86].hdi86

31. red symbolizes the blood shed yesterday, today and tomorrow by the martyres of the Revolution to ensure the victory. Moreover, red represents all the sacrifices of the Burkinabe people. green symbolizes the agricultural wealth of the country. Moreover, green symbolizes plenty, which shall ensure the happiness of the people. the yellow star is the ideological guide of the People’s and Democratric Revolution in its shining progress. Burkina Faso, Proposed meaning http://flagspot.net/flags/bf.html Ivan Sache, 31 Dec 2004http://flagspot.net/flags/bf.html