1. The Cell

2. Empty slide to keep flashcards in order

3. What is a Prokaryote?
Prokaryote ?

4. Bacteria NO Nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
“Pro” = “No Nucleus”
A single celled organism
DOES have Cell Membrane, DNA (circular type), Ribosomes, Cytoplasm, and Cilia and/or Flagella
Bacteria
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane

5. What is a Eukaryote?
Eukaryote ?

6. All Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protista Cells!!!
What is a Eukaryote?
All Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protista Cells!!!
Have NUCLEUS and Membrane bound organelles “Eu” = “Yes Nucleus”

7. What MUST all cells have?
(Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes)
Things

8. What MUST ALL cells have? (Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes) 4 Things:
DNA
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Ribosomes

9. What 3 things does a Plant cell have that an Animal cell does NOT have?

10. Cell Wall Chloroplasts Large Vacuole
What 3 things does a Plant cell have that an Animal cell does NOT have?
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Large Vacuole

11. Scientists who helped develop the
Name the 3 parts of the Cell Theory
Scientists who helped develop the
Cell Theory

12. List the 3 parts of the Cell Theory
Cells are the basic unit of life
Cells come from existing, living cells
All living things are made of 1 or more cells

13. Who invented the microscope and saw the first living (live) cells in pond water and called them “wee beasties?”

14. Who invented the microscope and saw the first living cells in pond water and called them “wee beasties?”
Leeuwenhoek

15. Who saw cork and named the chambers “Cells”?

16. Sounds like cork (kind of)
Who saw cork and named the chambers “Cells”?
Hooke
Sounds like cork (kind of)

17. What did Schlieden say?
What did Schwann say?

18. What did Schleiden say? What did Schwann say?
Schwann claimed that all animals are made of cells.
Think: Schwann sounds like
Swan the animal
Schleiden claimed that all plants are made of cells.
Think: Schlidin’ down the vine and vines are
plants

19. Who claimed that all cells must come from existing cells?
Hint:
Cows come from cows
Cells come from cells

20. Who claimed that all cells must come from existing cells (reproduce)?
Virchow
“Vircow”
Way to Remember:
Cows come from cows
Cells come from cells

21. Who did this experiment and believed in biogenesis?

22. Who did this experiment and believed in biogenesis?
Redi - Biogenesis

23. Who did this experiment and believed in abiogenesis?

24. (He needed more information on how to do a good experiment)
Who did this experiment and did he believe in biogenesis or abiogenesis?
Needham – Abiogenesis
(He needed more information on how to do a good experiment)

25. Who did this experiment and believed in biogenesis?

26. Who did this experiment and believed in biogenesis?
Pasteur - Biogenesis

27. What determines the shape of a cell?

28. What determines the shape of a cell?
The cell’s FUNCTION!

29. What are the four levels of cell organization starting from the smallest to largest?

30. What are the four levels of cell organization starting from the cell?

31. ___________ is when cells perform a specific function for an organism.
Give at 3 least examples

32. Give at 3 least examples White
Cell Specialization is when cells perform a specific function for an organism.
Give at 3 least examples
Red blood cells
blood cells
Nerve cells
White

33. What is the semi-permeable, phospholipid bilayer that regulates what goes in and out of a cell?

34. What is the semi-permeable, phospholipid bilayer that regulates what goes in and out of a cell?
Cell Membrane

35. What is the hard covering of the plant cell that provides support and protection for the cell?

36. What is the hard covering of the plant cell that provides support and protection for the cell?
Cell Wall

37. What 3 things pass through the cell membrane or cell wall easily?

38. What 3 things pass through the cell membrane or cell wall easily?
Carbon Dioxide-
Diffusion
H2O- Osmosis
Oxygen - Diffusion

39. What is located in the cell membrane to selectively allow things into and out of the cell?

40. Proteins & Protein Channels
What is located in the cell membrane to selectively allow things into and out of the cell?
Proteins & Protein Channels

41. What is the jelly-like substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus?

42. What is the jelly-like substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus?
Cytoplasm

43. What is the control center of the cell?

44. What is the control center of the cell (brain)?
NUCLEUS

45. What is the organelle that is inside the nucleus and makes ribosomes?

46. What is the organelle that is inside the nucleus and makes ribosomes?
Nucleolus

47. What covers the outside of the nucleus and what are the holes called to allow ribosomes and RNA out?

48. Nuclear Membrane (Nuclear Envelope) and Nuclear Pores
What covers the outside of the nucleus and what are the holes called to allow ribosomes and RNA out?
Nuclear Membrane (Nuclear Envelope)
and Nuclear Pores

49. What is the genetic material that is inside the nucleus called when it is threadlike?
What is the genetic material inside the nucleus called when it has condensed and preparing for cell division?

50. Chromatin (Hint: looks like spaghetti)
What is the genetic material that is inside the nucleus called when it is threadlike?
Chromatin (Hint: looks like spaghetti)
What is the genetic material inside the nucleus called when it has condensed and preparing for cell division?
Chromosome

51. What is the powerhouse of the cell?

52. What is the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria

53. What makes proteins for the cell?
Hint:
??????

54. What makes proteins for the cell?
Hint:
RIBOSOMES

55. What is used for photosynthesis in the plant cell?

56. What is used for photosynthesis in the plant cell?
Chloroplasts

57. What are chloroplasts, leukoplasts, and chromoplasts called?

58. What are chloroplasts, leukoplasts, and chromoplasts called?
Plastids

59. What is the large sac in a plant cell (holds water) and small sac in an animal (used for storage) called?

60. What is the large sac in a plant cell (holds water) and small sac in an animal (used for storage) called?
VACUOLE

61. What digests food and gets rid of unwanted things in a cell?
?????????

62. What digests food and gets rid of unwanted things in a cell?

63. ______________is a folded membrane and transports materials throughout the cell.

64. Transportation of Proteins Transportation of Lipids & Carbs
______________is a folded membrane and transports materials throughout the cell.
Transportation of Proteins
Transportation of Lipids & Carbs

65. ____________ is used in packaging and transport out of cell?
Hint: Think of sending a gold necklace to your friend through the mail.

66. Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus
____________ is used in packaging and transport out of cell?
Hint: Think of sending a gold necklace to your friend through the mail.
Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus

67. What are the microtubules that are whip-like and used for movement?
What are the microtubules covering the cell like hair used for movement?
What are the microtubules that are whip-like and used for movement?

68. What are the microtubules that are whip-like and used for movement?
What are the microtubules covering the cell like hair used for movement?
What are the microtubules that are whip-like and used for movement?
Cilia
Flagella

69. The movement of any molecule from
HIGH → LOW concentration is called ________?________

70. Diffusion The movement of any molecule from
HIGH → LOW concentration is called
Diffusion

71. Movement of water across the membrane from High to Low is
called ________.

72. Movement of water across the membrane from High to Low is
called Osmosis.

73. What is movement of high to low concentration that needs a protein but DOES NOT need energy?

74. Facilitated Diffusion
What is movement of high to low concentration that needs a protein but DOES NOT need energy?
Facilitated Diffusion

75. What is movement of high to low concentration that needs a protein and needs energy?

76. What is movement of high to low concentration that needs a protein and needs energy?
ACTIVE TRANSPORT

77. __________________ is when a large food particle is moved into the cell.

78. ___Endocytosis________ is when a large food particle is moved into the cell.

79. __________________ is when a large particle is moved out of the cell.

80. ___Exocytosis_________ is when a large particle is moved out of the cell.

81. Endocytosis and Exocytosis (moving big particles in or out of the cell) is also called _______ ________.

82. TRANSPORTING PARTICLES ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE
Endocytosis and Exocytosis (moving big particles in or out of the cell) is also called _______ ________.
Bulk Transport

83. When the solute concentration inside and outside of the cell is equal
When the solute concentration inside and outside of the cell is equal. This is called______ and the cell (shrinks, swells, or stays the same)?

84. When the solute concentration inside and outside of the cell is equal
When the solute concentration inside and outside of the cell is equal. This is called______ and the cell (shrinks, swells, or stays the same)?
Isotonic
Cell stays the same

85. When the solute concentration outside the cell is higher than inside the cell it is called______ and the cell shrinks, swells, or stays the same?

86. When the solute concentration outside the cell is higher than inside the cell it is called______ and the cell shrinks, swells, or stays the same?
Hypertonic
Cell shrinks

87. When the solute concentration inside the cell is higher than outside the cell it is called______ and the cell shrinks, swells, or stays the same?

88. Cell Swells and could Burst
When the solute concentration inside the cell is higher than outside the cell it is called______ and the cell shrinks, swells, or stays the same?
Hypotonic
Cell Swells and could Burst

89. What happens to the cell in this situation?
Where does water move in this situation?
75% H2O
93% H2O

90. What happens to the cell in this situation? Cell Shrinks
Where does water move in this situation? Water moves out
You need to understand what happens when given water concentrations instead of solute concentrations.
75% H2O
25% Solute
Hypertonic Solution
Water goes out
93% H2O
7% Solute

91. Name the 2 reasons cells cannot be the size of a basketball.
Red Blood Cell

92. Name the 3 reasons cells cannot be the size of a basketball.
Geometry: Volume increases faster than surface area which makes it hard for membrane to keep up with needs of the cell
Practical aspects: Nucleus can’t handle that big of a job.

93. Be able to identify which organelles belong to Plant, Animal, or Prokaryotic Cells !
Prokaryote
Cell Wall
Yes No
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Lysosome
No (uncommon)
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Yes (Large)
Rare- very small
Golgi apparatus
Cilia

94. Be able to identify the organelles in plant and animal cells from various pictures in our notes and Trade & Grade review!!!!

95. Understand the diffusion lab that we conducted in class.
Water
Iodine diffuses into bag because iodine is smaller than bag pores and stains starch black
Starch too big to diffuse through bag pores so it stays in bag. You know this by the iodine/water in the cup not turning black.