1. Bluetooth Technology & Applications Presented By: Steve Deutscher Director Product Management Motorola

2. Agenda Brief History of Bluetooth Bluetooth SIG Involvement with Interoperability and Standardization Overview of Bluetooth Technology (hardware & software components) Bluetooth Profile Definition and Discussion Usage Model Discussion Market Overview of Shipping Bluetooth Products Product Demonstratation Summary Discussion

3. What’s With the Name? Bluetooth is named after King Harold Blatand (or Bluetooth), a 10 th Century Danish King who united large parts of Scandinavia which are today parts of Denmark and Norway. The name was chosen to highlight the potential for the technology to unify communication between mobile devices. The name was never intended to remain beyond the lab. Bluetooth was originally conceived by Ericsson as an alternative to cables for a mobile phone

4. Why Bother with Bluetooth? “70% of all calls start or end in the car. 85% of users use cell phones in the car.” – Telematics Most the major Car manufacturers are committed to Bluetooth in some 2004 model year cars. Today: 819 total products qualified, 38% are end products, 24 phone models 2003 est: 1300 total products projected, 470 End user products, 40 phones models

5. What is Bluetooth? Open Standard for Short Range Wireless Connectivity Designed for Transmitting Data and Audio Wirelessly Uses Radio Frequency (RF) Technology in the Unlicensed 2.4Ghz ISM Frequency Band. Initial Target Applications include PC & PDA Peripherals, Wireless Audio & Data, Data Synchronization, In-Vehicle (Telematics) Future Applications include Wireless Access Points, Healthcare, Industrial Applications, Cordless Telephony, Smart Appliances, Entertainment – Wireless Gaming. Provides for Ad Hoc device Connection and Service Discovery Promises Lower Power Consumption and Lower Cost per Node Than Competing Wireless Technologies.

6. Why Bluetooth? More Robust than Infrared (IrDA). –RF based, not limited to line-of-sight. –Supports 10 meter range (class 2), versus 1 meter. Power Consumption –Bluetooth provides several classes of operation that provide significant power advantages over other wireless alternatives such as 802.11 Projected to be Less Costly Than 802.11 & HomeRF. –802.11 & HRF estimate is > $25 per node, Bluetooth target is < $ 5 when embedded in volume. –Bluetooth costs will start declining sharply 1st half 2003.

7. Why Not Bluetooth? Range –802.11 WLAN & HomeRF provide greater connection distance Data Rate –Bluetooth today provides 1Mbps raw data rate, lower than competing technologies, 802.11b (11Mbps), 802.11a (54Mbps) Hyped expectations have damaged its credibility Available 2 years latter than expected Interoperability problems with early products Interference from other products in the ISM band Future Technologies Promise Lower Power, Lower Latency –wireless USB

8. Why ISM at 2.4 GHz? The ISM band at 2.4 GHz fits the Bluetooth goals of –global applicability –low power –high aggregate capacity The overriding reason for the selection of the 2.4 GHz band is that it is one of the few bands that is truly available globally Bluetooth implements a frequency hopping scheme to minimize the effects of interference (FHSS) –79, 1 MHz channels –1600 hops per second –ARQ and FEC schemes are part of the standard

10. Bluetooth SIG

11. Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) Founded in 1998 with Charter to Promote Widespread Commercial Acceptance of Bluetooth Wireless Technology Not-For-Profit Trade Association, Bluetooth SIG, Inc. Requires Members to Accept SIG Legal and Trade Mark License Agreements Bluetooth SIG Members –Promoter Members: Ericsson, Nokia, Toshiba, Intel, IBM, Motorola, 3COM, Microsoft, Lucent (now Agere Systems) –Associate / Adopter Members: Over 2,000 Companies Associate Members pay $7,000 (<$100M in rev) & $40,000 (>$100M in rev) per year Adopter Member pays no fees but cannot participate in Working Groups and Expert Groups

12. Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) Bluetooth (SIG) Maintains Product Core Specification and Profile Specifications –Specs can be found at www.bluetooth.comwww.bluetooth.com SIG Coordinates Un-PlugFest Sessions for Testing Interoperability –Unplugfest-10 held in San Francisco February 10 th – 14 th Sponsers Bluetooth Developers Conference –Dec 12 th – 14 th in San Jose, CA Administers the Bluetooth Qualification Program –Policy Making is handled by the Bluetooth Qualification Review Board (BQRB) –Policy Execution is Handled by a Bluetooth Qualification Administrator (BQA), responsible to the BQRB –Testing and Reporting is Handled by a Bluetooth Qualification Test Facility (BQTF) – currently 15 recognized by SIG –Product Listing is Handled by a Bluetooth Qualification Body (BQB) after product meets specification – 33 recognized

13. Bluetooth SIG Delegation Bluetooth SIG Bluetooth Qualification Administrator (BQA ) Bluetooth Qualification Test Facility (BQTF ) Bluetooth Qualification Review Board (BQRB) Bluetooth Qualification Body (BQB ) Bluetooth Technical Advisory Board (BTAB )

14. Bluetooth Architecture Overview

15. Bluetooth Technical Overview BT supports 1 Mbit/sec data rates – divided between data and voice channels. –Capable of supporting one asymmetric data channel and up to 3 voice channels or one channel supporting both voice and data. –Effective Asymmetric Data Rate is 780K (721K up, 56K down) or 432.6K symmetric data rate. Networks of BT Devices are supported, Piconet (1 to 8 devices – 1 master up to 7 slave devices), multiple Piconets (Scatternets) also supported in BT specification. BT Supports 3 Output Power Classes BT Supports Multiple Power Saving Modes – Hold, Sniff, Park

16. Bandwidth The raw Bluetooth data rate is 1Mbit/s –Bandwidth required for packet overheads, access code, header etc –Optimise by using larger slot packets –Same overhead, more payload AccessHeaderPayloadGuard 1 Slot1/3 Data 3 Slot7/9 Data 5 Slot 13/15 Data

17. Slot based The air interface supports multi-slot packets –The lightest SCO (voice link) reserves every 3 rd slot –Significantly reduced throughput t t f(k)f(k + 1)f(k + 2) 625  S f(k + 3)f(k + 4)f(k + 5)f(k + 6) f(k + 3)f(k + 4)f(k + 5)f(k + 6) f(k + 5)f(k + 6) t

18. The Piconet Point to Multipoint 1 master with up to a maximum of 7 active slaves A Piconet can have many slaves in Park mode Any member of a Piconet can be part of another Piconet (Scatternet) Master Slave

19. Power Classes Bluetooth allows for different classes of transmitter output power Class 3 Class 2 Class 1 Mandatory Power Control 2520151050-5-10-15 Max Transmit Power / dBm 1 0 [1mW]3 10 +5 [2.5mW]2 100+20 [100mW]1 Range [meters] max Output Pwr [dBm ] Power Class

20. Power saving modes –To ensure that connected devices do not remain Active at all times 3 power savings modes have been defined: »HOLD »SNIFF »PARK –Allows for large networks to be formed with Active devices selected only when required.

21. Hold mode In Hold mode a slave is required to temporarily halt transmission –Hold mode is typically used when a Master is establishing a link with a new device t t LMP Hold Hold time

22. Sniff mode In Sniff mode a slave enters a low duty cycle mode of operation –but is still an active member of the piconet –Master can only transmit after ‘sniff’ interval t t LMP Sniff Sniff time

23. Park mode In Park mode a slave enters a low duty cycle mode of operation –and is no longer an active member of the piconet t t LMP Park Park time Beacon

24. Voice and Data The air interface supports two basic bearer type: Asynchronous ConnectionLess (ACL) - Data –packet switching –asynchronous, (a)symmetric services –polling access scheme Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) - Audio –circuit switched –symmetric synchronous services –slot reservation at fixed intervals

25. Mode of operation The Bluetooth specification includes modes of operation that allow devices to find other devices and be found Inquiry mode –allows for a device to discover the Bluetooth device addresses of other Bluetooth devices that are within range Inquiry Scan mode – makes a device available to be discovered Active mode –The device is continuously active (always discoverable) The Bluetooth specification also allows filters to be specified thus limiting the discoverability of devices

26. Establishing a connection The Bluetooth specification includes modes of operation that allow devices to perform a connection to any devices found during an inquiry. Page mode –Allows a connection to be established Page Scan mode – makes a connection possible Private devices need not enter Inquiry Scan mode at all, a device pre-programmed with a specific Bluetooth address can bypass inquiry and go straight to paging

27. Master – slave switch The Bluetooth Specification defines a mechanism whereby the Bluetooth device that is the master of a link can be changed –The master slave switch can be initiated by either the master or the slave Initiating LMLM LMP_Switch_Request LMP_Accepted

28. The challenges for co-existing networks If networks are to coexist successfully they need to achieve: –Connection time –Data rates –Quality of service (particularly audio quality) –Ease of use Some functions will still be best served by wires!

29. Typical Bluetooth Module Flash Crystal Other Components BB/RF IC

30. Other Components - Active LNA Used to improve the receive sensitivity NF < 2dB G = 10 to 15dB Integrated or discrete solutions are available PA Used for Class 1 operation Around 20-30dB gain required, with 23dBm saturated power

31. 2 nd Half 2003 Today 10x10x1.0mm (+ Antenna) 7x7x1.0mm (+ Antenna) 1 st Half of 2003 15x15x1.4mm (+ Antenna) BC02 49CSP Evolution of Bluetooth Hardware Modules Die Shrink & Integration

32. Protocol Overview

33. Protocol Layers

34. Link Control Link Control hardware implements the RF, Baseband, & Link Manger portions of the BT specification. –Establishes Connections, error control, and authentication –Performs low level device discovery, link setup & configuration –Link managers on separate devices communicate via Link Management Protocol –Provides Host Control Interface (HCI) connection Host Controller Interface –Used to isolate BT hardware from transport protocol such as RS-232, USB, UART, SPI

35. Link Protocols L2CAP Protocol (Logical Link Control & Adaptation Protocol) –Provides interface to link controller –Provides protocol multiplexing, segmentation & re-assembly of packets, negotiation & QOS between devices –Lower priority than LMP packets Telephony Control Protocol (TCS) –Provides voice and data control, group management, and connectionless control Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) –Provides means for determining what BT services are available on a specific devices RFCOMM –Simple transport protocol providing serial data transfer

36. Bluetooth Profile & Product Overview

37. Profile Structure The Bluetooth profile structure contains numerous dependencies as depicted in this Figure. A profile is dependent upon another profile if it re-uses parts of that profile, by implicitly or explicitly referencing it. A profile has dependencies on the profile(s) in which it is contained directly and indirectly.

38. Keyboards, Mice, Remotes, ScannersHuman Interface (HID) Cordless Phone Usage – In Home & Enterprise1.1Cordless Telephony (CTP) Ad Hoc Networking0.95Personal Network Access (PAN) Computer, PDA1.1File Transfer (FTP) Used by file transfer and Synch Profiles1.1Generic Object Exchange (GOEP) Wireless Synchronization (phonebook, calendar, notes)1.1Synchronization (IrMC4 based) Wireless Fax Capability / PC’s, PDA, CellPhones1.1Fax Wireless Data Access / PC’s, PDA, CellPhones1.1Dialup Networking (DUN) Wireless Headsets, Wireless Carkits, Cellphones1.1Headset Required Profiles: Service Discovery, Generic Access1.1Bluetooth Core (SDP, GAP) Automotive, Distributed Computing0.95Phone Access (PAP) Stereo Headset, A/V Usage Automotive Wireless Printing Still Camera Description - Uses 0.95Audio Distribution/Remote Control 0.95SIM Access (SAP) 0.95aPrinting (BPP) 0.95cBasic Imaging (BIP) Automotive Applications, Speaker Phone, Headset0.96Handsfree (HFP) VersionFunction / Profile Bluetooth Profiles 0.95

39. Shipping Phone Products 8910 –Spec 1.1 –Headset AG –DUN GW –Fax GW –Handsfree 0.96 –GSM GPRS 900/1800 6310i –Spec 1.1 –Headset AG –OPP Client –OPP Server –DUN GW –Fax GW –Handsfree AG –GSM GPRS 900/1800/1900 6310 –Spec 1.1 –Headset AG –OPP Client –OPP Server –DUN GW –Fax GW –GSM GPRS 900/1800 7650 –Spec 1.1 –OPP Client –OPP Server –FTP Server –DUN GW –Fax GW Nokia

40. Motorola T280i –Spec 1.1 –Headset AG –OPP Client –OPP Server –DUN GW –Fax GW –HFP 0.96 –GSM GPRS 900/1800/1900

41. Philips Fisio 820 - (Cellon) –Spec 1.1 –Headset AG –OPP Client –OPP Server –DUN GW –Fax GW –GSM GPRS 900/1800

42. SonyEricsson P80x –Spec 1.1 –Headset AG –OPP Client –OPP Server –DUN GW –GSM 900/1800/1900 T68i –Spec 1.0b –Headset AG –Sync Server –OPP Client –OPP Server –DUN GW –Fax GW –Handsfree AG –GSM 900/1800/1900

43. Sharp SH2101V –Spec 1.1 –OPP Client –OPP Server –DUN GW –WCDMA SHP0006 –Spec 1.1 –OPP Client –OPP Server –DUN GW –PHS

44. Sony Vaio Computers: (DUN, FAX, FTP, GOEP, LAN) Compaq EVO N400-C IBM

45. Cameras (BIP) –Sony – DSC-FX77 (available Nov 2003) PDAs –Toshiba Pocket PC E570 + Toshiba Bluetooth SDIO –IPAQ 3910 –Palm Cameras & PDAs

46. Wireless Headsets (Headset Profile migrating to Handsfree Profile) Motorola BTHS Nokia HDW-2 BlueSpoon Jabra BT-300 Ericsson HBH-60 Ericsson HBH-30

47. Computer Peripherals Bluetooth enabled USB dongles & PC Cards (TDK, Xircom, 3COM and many more) Bluetooth enabled Keyboards, Mice & printer adapters (Logitech, Microsoft, HP etc) – Serial & HID profile support

48. Summary Bluetooth got off to a slow start but Momentum is Building Key Revenue Generators Today are Audio related (Headsets & In-Vehicle Applications) and Data Related Currently 819 Qualified Products listed on the SIG web site, more added daily For Further BT V1.1 Specification and Profile details, go to www.bluetooth.com