1. 1C1 Living things
OB41 identify the basic processes and characteristics common to all living organisms: nutrition, respiration, excretion, growth, reproduction, movement and response
OB42 recall that living things are composed of cells, tissues, organs and systems, and understand that growth results from cell division

2. Every single living organism carries out the same basic processes – different organisms just carry them out in different ways….

3. Characteristics of Life
nutrition
respiration
excretion
growth
reproduction
movement
Sensitivity
and

4. Nutrition means obtaining food
All living organisms need food as a source of energy
Plants can make their own food using energy from the sun (photosynthesis) – they are PRIMARY PRODUCERS
Animals need to find an external source of food

5. Respiration means glucose cell oxygen releasing energy from food
Glucose in the food is broken down inside cells, and energy is released
Most organisms use oxygen for this process – so it is called aerobic respiration
glucose
oxygen
cell
energy
water
carbon dioxide

6. Excretion means the removal of toxic chemical substances
toxic substances are poisonous and
may harm cells if not removed
examples of toxic substances are
carbon dioxide and urea
NH3

7. Growth means
the organism develops into an adult all growth is by CELL DIVISION
For micro-organisms, this means their cell grows to full size before reproducing
For multi-celled organisms, this means that cells divide, organs grow in size, and systems develop maturity

8. Reproduction means producing more organisms of the species
Scientists have a name for the “children” of all living organisms – they say OFFSPRING
Reproduction means
producing more organisms of the species
Some organisms reproduce from one parent only – this is called ASEXUAL reproduction
Other organisms reproduce by combining one cell from a male with one cell from a female – this is called SEXUAL reproduction

9. Movement means the ability of an organism to change position
Some organisms can move the entire body
eg single-celled organisms
Some organisms can move part of the body
eg plants
Some organisms can move both their entire body, and each section of the body eg insects, amphibians, reptiles, mammals
Most organisms move towards things they need and away from things that harm them

10. Sensitivity means the ability of an organism to gather information and respond to it (Response)
Some of the things that cause living organisms to respond are light, sound, touch, chemicals, gravity…eg:
Roots grow downwards in response to gravity, shoots grow towards light
Both plants and animals use their sense of touch when climbing
Predators use sound and smell to hunt for prey

11. Mrs Gren nutrition respiration excretion growth reproduction movement
sensitivity
and

12. Animal Cell

13. Plant Cell

14. Cells Animal Plant Nucleus Cell Membrane Vacuole Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
-contain Chlorophyll for photosynthesis

15. Parts of a Cell
Nucleus-Controls the actions of the cell and carries instructions as DNA
Cytoplasm-Jelly like substance that fills cell
Membrane-Controls entrance and exit
Vacuole-Storage

17. H/W
Draw a cell with labels on a piece of paper the best ones go on the wall

18. Differences between Plant and Animal cells
Plants have cell walls-to hold them up
Plants have CHLOROPLASTS-to make energy by photosynthesis
Plants have large vacuoles and animal cells have small vacuoles

19. Cells
Some living things are composed of just a single cell eg bacteria
Some living things are composed of a small number of simple and similar cells eg fungi
Some living things are composed of very many cells, with many different structures and functions eg humans
nerve cell
muscle cells
blood cells
bone cells

20. Tissues Cells that have the same structure and function form tissues…
Cells in tissues are usually joined together
Animal tissues include muscle, bone and nerves for movement
Plant tissues include xylem and phloem for transport
phloem
xylem

21. Organs
Tissues can be organised into groups to form organs, each organ has a particular function
Plant organs include the ROOT for absorbing water, LEAF for photosynthesis
Animal organs include the HEART for pumping blood, LUNGS for gas exchange

22. Systems
organs, tissues and cells can be organised into systems that carry out major functions in the organism eg:
Reproductive system, Nervous system, Digestive System, Circulatory system…

23. If living organisms are composed of cells, what do they need in order to grow bigger? …
…MORE CELLS !!

24. Cell division takes place in 3 stages… A copy of the nucleus is made
© A. Kihara (Hosei University)
click to see a real cell dividing
Cell division takes place in 3 stages…
A copy of the nucleus is made
The cell membrane grows inwards to divide the cytoplasm
The two new cells then separate
…the new cells then grow to full size

25. What do you think?
Most animals move about while most plants tend to “stay put” – why?
Can you suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of being single-celled?
Animals have highly developed nervous systems compared to plants – why?
A lot of plants have to use the help or wind or insects for reproduction – why?

26. Living things
The basic processes and characteristics common to all living organisms: nutrition, respiration, excretion, growth, reproduction, movement and response (MRS GREN)
Recall that living things are composed of cells, tissues, organs and systems, and understand that growth results from cell division

27. H/W
P 17,18
Q 2,3,5,9