1. 1 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism Lars Müller European Commission DG ENV.C.2, Brussels André Jol European Environment Agency Copenhagen

2. 2 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT Questions to be answered: What is our legal basis? What are we doing? Who does it? And what happens by when? Institutional arrangements and working procedure What are the products? Where do we stand today? Where do we expect to go? Actual and projected progress European Climate Change Programme

3. 3 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT Legal basis UNFCCC (in future KP) –Guidelines on National Communications and annual inventories (FCCC/CP/1999/7, decision 3/CP.5) and IPCC Good Practice Guidance –Marrakech Accords and revised guidelines for inventories, from April 2004 (FCCC/CP/2002/8, decision 18/CP.8) EU –Council Decision on GHG Monitoring (Decision 389/93/EEC as amended by decision 296/99/EC) –(internal) guidelines

4. 4 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT Sharing the EC target of –8%

5. 5 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT Summary of current Monitoring Mechanism Monitoring the emissions of the six Kyoto greenhouse gases and removals by sinks, Annual GHG inventory reporting by MS to the European Commission EC inventory is the Sum of 15 Member States Member States report their respective data to UNFCCC Implementation and annual reporting of national programmes (including policies and measures) and emission projections to the Commission and Evaluation of progress and reporting to the European Parliament and Council by the Commission

6. 6 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT EC GHG inventory institutional arrangements Member states prepare inventory according to UNFCCC Guidelines and participate in EC Monitoring mechanism committee, assisted by three working groups Working group I promotes improvement of all GHG inventory quality aspects (transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness, accuracy and use of good practices) Working group II promotes improvement of quality of reporting on GHG emission projections (transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness) Working Group III promotes implementation of EC emissions trading scheme European Commission (DG ENV) responsible for submission to UNFCCC, assisted by EEA (and European Topic Centre Air and Climate Change, ETC/ACC) and Eurostat and JRC EC “National Inventory Report” follows UNFCCC Guidelines

7. 7 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT Data flow EC GHG Monitoring Austria Belgium UK Sweden Finland Germany Luxembourg Italy Greece Denmark France Ireland Netherlands Portugal Spain EU European Commission (ENV, ESTAT, JRC) and EEA UNFCCC ParliamentCouncil Annual progress report CRF and NIR

8. 8 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT Data flow EC GHG Monitoring Austria Belgium UK Sweden Finland Germany Luxembourg Italy Greece Denmark France Ireland Netherlands Portugal Spain EU European Commission (ENV, ESTAT, JRC) and EEA UNFCCC ParliamentCouncil CRF and NIR Annual progress report

9. 9 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT Preparation EC inventory

10. 10 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT Annual process of submission and review of MS inventories and compilation of the EC inventory

11. 11 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT Annual procedure for the EU Progress Assessment

12. 12 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT EC GHG inventory improvement Eurostat improvement project for national energy balances and annual estimation of EC CO2 emissions (IPCC Reference Approach) JRC compares national estimates for carbon sinks (focus on forests) and coordinates a project for improving GHG emissions from agriculture (focus on N2O from soils) QA/QC of EC inventory depends on QA/QC systems for national GHG inventories Data gap filling to achieve complete EC inventory is limited to few countries Minor differences between EC and Member States’ inventories, which are further being reduced through the UNFCCC review process (centralised review of EC inventory, Sep. 2002)

13. 13 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT New Monitoring decision (Proposal COM(2003) 51 final) CO-decision Procedure Basic requirements in decision - further technical details in “implementing provisions” to be adopted Establishment of EC greenhouse gas inventory system (KP Art. 5.1) Internal procedures for the review process and adjustments (KP Art. 5.2 and Art. 8) Reporting on accounting of assigned amounts and national registries (KP Art. 7.1, 7.2 and 7.4) Supplementary information to be incorporated in the periodic communications to the UNFCCC Policies and measures and Projections details yet to be decided (ongoing procedure in Council and Parliament)

14. 14 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT EU greenhouse gas emissions in relation to the Kyoto target (excl. LUCF)

15. 15 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT Greenhouse gas emission trends and Kyoto Protocol targets for 2008-2012

16. 16 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT Greenhouse gas emission targets and changes from base year to 2001

17. 17 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT MS Example: Germany, GHG and CO2 emissions in relation to the Kyoto target (excl. LUCF)

18. 18 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT MS Example: UK, GHG and CO2 emissions in relation to the Kyoto target (excl. LUCF)

19. 19 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT MS Example: Spain, GHG and CO2 emissions in relation to the Kyoto target (excl. LUCF)

20. 20 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT EC key sources covering 90% of emissions

21. 21 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT EC CO2 emissions from energy industries compared with electricity consumption

22. 22 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT EC CO2 emissions from transport, compared with road freight transport development

23. 23 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT EC CO2 emissions from transport, compared with road passenger transport development

24. 24 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT EC Member States CO2 emissions from transport

25. 25 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT EC CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries compared with gross value added

26. 26 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT EC CH4 emissions from waste compared with waste disposal on land

27. 27 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT EC GHG projections for 2010, information basis Information provided to the European Commission until mid 2002 and reported in December 2002 (Commission Communication) Third national communication for Au, Be, Fi, Fr, Nl, Sp, Sw, UK Additional information under the EU GHG Monitoring mechanism for Be, Dk, Fi, Fr, Ge, Gr, Ir, It, Nl, Pt, Sw, UK All projections for 2010 are excluding carbon sinks and only include domestic policies and measures (no inclusion of Kyoto mechanisms) Updated information being incorporated in Commission communication due end of 2003

28. 28 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT EC GHG emission projection 2010 (based on national projections) 80 90 100 110 19901995200020052010 GHG emissions (Base year = 100) 80 90 100 110 19901995200020052010 GHG emissions (Base year = 100) 80 90 100 110 19901995200020052010 GHG emissions (Base year = 100) With measures With additional measures Target–8% Actual emissions With measures With additional measures With additional measures Target–8% Actual emissions

29. 29 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT Greenhouse gas emission projections and Kyoto Protocol targets for 2008-2012

30. 30 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT MS Example: UK, GHG emission projection 2010

31. 31 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT MS Example: Portugal, GHG emission projection 2010

32. 32 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT EU policies and measures National programmes –Reported to UNFCCC and European Commission –National responsibility EU common and coordinated policies and measures –Central part of EU climate strategy to complement national programmes –Often EU Directive or other legal instrument, to be implemented by Member States –European Climate Change Programme is key

33. 33 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT ECCP: main elements Objectives –Identify and develop main elements of EC strategy to meet its -8% Kyoto objective cost effectively –Prepare the Commission to develop legislative and other proposals Major Milestones –launch March 2000 –June 2001 : first progress report –October 2001 : Commission Communication on ECCP Action Plan –May 2003 : second progress report

34. 34 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT EU policies and measures National programmes –Reported to UNFCCC and European Commission –National responsibility EU common and coordinated policies and measures –Central part of EU climate strategy to complement national programmes –Often EU Directive or other legal instrument, to be implemented by Member States –European Climate Change Programme is key

35. 35 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT ECCP: scope and organisation Working groups - Emissions trading - flexible mechanisms - Energy supply - Energy demand - end-use equipment - Transport - Industry - fluorinated gasses - Research - Agriculture - Sinks ag. soils - Forestry sinks ECCP steering committee ECCP Principles integration transparency stakeholder consultation group expertise build consensus ECCP Approach reduction potential cost-effective cross-sectoral time frame ancillary effects WG Reports/ P&M analysed conclusions Commission action plan

36. 36 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT Reduction potential of GHG under cost- effectiveness aspects for sectors in EU until 2010 (including full implementation of the ACEA Agreement)

37. 37 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT ECCP : main results Total reduction potential of 40 identified measures : 578 -696 Mt CO 2 eq. = twice Kyoto ‘-8%’ EU Measures currently “in implementation” potential of 276 -316 Mt CO 2 eq. … but need for monitoring of effectiveness and review measures in 2003 Commission work program : proposals on Energy Efficiency of Products, energy services, HFCs & Mobile Air condition, link ET - flexible mechanisms preparations for new measures or on-going...

38. 38 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT Measures included in Commission 2002- 2004 Work Programme EU wide emissions trading Link JI/CDM to ET containment / monitoring of fluorinated gases (incl. MAC) revision of Monitoring Decision (implement Marrakech) renewable energy sources (Electricity / Biofuels) energy-efficiency standards for equipment energy demand-side management combined heat and power generation modal shift in transport Transport infrastructure use & charging Energy performance buildings Review voluntary agreement car industr. Energy taxation

39. 39 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT ECCP : outlook and future challenges Update and strengthening of Commission ECCP action plan transport emissions rising concern renewables : accelerated progress is required integration CC in CAP, structural funds

40. 40 EUROPEAN COMMISSION CLIMATE CHANGE UNIT For further information you may look at: www.europa.eu.int/comm/environment/climate/home_en.htm and themes.eea.eu.int/Environmental_issues/climate THANK YOU !