1. © Craig McDonald 2005 UC QA – The Key to Taking Responsibility Being Responsible for your action (or inaction) knowing who will be affected by your action knowing the affects caring about them accepting praise or blame being accountable Can a responsible action be unethical ? Can a non-human be responsible ? a UC committee, a government The Stakeholder vs the Shareholder view

2. © Craig McDonald 2005 UC 1. The Gardener holding the garden stake that can really do you damage - the client 2. The Gambler at the table, chips on the felt, knows the game - investors, unions 3. The Victim impacted, but not an actor - customer, employees & their families 4. Gaia ecological, societal, governmental and economic systems Responsibility: recognising stakeholders

3. © Craig McDonald 2005 UC To have responsibility for an action (or not taking an action) in some situation, a person needs to have an element of: 1. Voluntariness - responsibility is diminished for an action that is a completely involuntary 2. autonomy - the person needs to have some capacity to choose between alternative actions 3. foresight - responsibility is reduced if its effect simply could not be foreseen and there needs to be a 4. causal influence between the action and the effect. (Bittner & Hornecker). Limits on Responsibility

4. © Craig McDonald 2005 UC Complex organisations & large systems diffuse and disguise responsibility: difficult for one person to take responsibility as effects emerge from a mix of actions and interactions that can't be attributed to a single person. Technology and the division of labour in systems developments means that responsibility for certain components may be clear, but liability for the whole is less clear. Impediments to Responsibility

5. © Craig McDonald 2005 UC Ethics and a Basis for QA in Projects Being responsible for the impact the system has on all stakeholders

6. © Craig McDonald 2005 UC The Product – Process Model Developmen t task product Documents: (Case Level) spec  staff knowledge - attitudes  policy / procedures / standards  history (precedents)  Tools & Techniques Task Resources: Task Management: time, scope, cost, plan review monitor organization / power structures responsibility / authority Task Context: Quality Who’s it for? What do they do with it? Who is Impacted ? 1 23

7. © Craig McDonald 2005 UC PMSS – Project Management Support System

8. © Craig McDonald 2005 UC PMSS – Configuration Management

9. © Craig McDonald 2005 UC PMSS – QA part of Document Template 6. Quality Assurance T his section specified the quality assurance for this document 6.1 Process of Document Development This document was constructed from a review of text books & meetings with the client comparing with other systems users manual content 6.2 Traceability Other documents that are related to this is the users manual. As they are both manuals, they both share the same target. To guide the user with using your system. 6.3 Verification This document was tested against other owners manual. All the stakeholders Even though the contents are different for each system, they both share the same meaning. 6.4 References Schwalbe K (2004) Information Technology Project Management Thomson Learning 6.5 Document History 1. OWNER’S MANUAL INTRODUCTION3 2. Measuring Systems Performance4 3. Cost - Benefit Measurement6 4. Risk Management7 5. Audit, Legal and other Compliance Issues8 6. Quality Assurance9

10. © Craig McDonald 2005 UC PMSS - Meetings Supporting

11. © Craig McDonald 2005 UC PMSS - Issues Management

12. © Craig McDonald 2005 UC PMSS – Configuration Management Stakeholders: Project team Re-developers business owner user system manager line manager

13. © Craig McDonald 2005 UC Project Evaluation Product System Owner: Various Operational users: Line Manager: External Stakeholder Next Developer: Systems Management Auditor: Process Evidence of : Project Planning, Modification & Review Team Management Information & configuration management Quality Process Risk prevention, detection, correction Reflection Individual, Peer Review client reviews Tutor’s Review Innovation, creativity

14. © Craig McDonald 2005 UC The Principles & Practice of Building QA into the Teaching & Assessment of Student Computer Systems Development Projects