1. A New Nation
6.1 Launching a New Nation

2. The Issues of
the Day
6.1 Launching a New Nation

3. A new nation where Americans will have to work out:
Who has the power in which circumstance?
What does the Constitution say about who has the power?
What about things no one thought of when they wrote the Constitution?
There is a growing tension between the northern and southern states…..

4. Different Types Of Powers In The Constitution
6.1 Launching a New Nation

5. Powers as defined by the Constitution:
Reserved: as found in the 10th Amendment. These are powers only for the states
Delegated: found in Article I Section 8: exclusively for the federal govt (also called enumerated or expressed powers)
Concurrent: shared powers between federal govt and state govts

6. Washington’s Presidency
Remained “neutral” in politics. Disliked political parties. Too much disagreements he thought.

7. G Washington creates the first presidential cabinet
It doesn’t say anything in the Constitution about a cabinet. This is one of those implied powers

8. Political Parties begin to develop
they are split over how to run the govt

9. People still debate on how the govt should be run
Anti federalist
Under Thomas Jefferson
Federalist
Under Alexander
Hamilton
This is the basis for future division of political parties

10. The parties’ views of the government
Republicans
Federalists
Strong central gov’t
and the educated to
lead the nation
States rights and
the common man

11. The Bill of Rights Appeased the Anti-Federalists
#1-9 stop Congress from impinging on rights
#10 Powers not mentioned reserved to the state gov’ts

12. Important
Court Case

13. 1st Court System Judiciary Act of 1789
Made a Supreme Court with Chief Justice and 5 associate justices (today it is 9 members)
3 federal circuit courts
13 federal district courts
state’s court decisions to be appealed to federal court when constitutional issues raised.
Guarantees federal laws are “Supreme Law of Land.”

14. Marbury v Madison 1803 Important Court Case
Judicial review is established

15. McCullough v Md 1819 Important Court Case
It states that the Constitution is the supreme law of the nation. This is the Supremacy Clause. – sometimes it is called the Commerce Clause

16. Supremacy Clause
It states that the Constitution is the supreme law of the nation. This is the Supremacy Clause. – sometimes it is called the Commerce Clause

17. Gibbons v Ogden 1824 Important Court Case
Federal gov’t has the right to regulate interstate (state to state) trade

18. The new country is worried about debt and finances

19. Hamilton’s Financial Plan
Create a national bank
Tax whiskey
Makes the govt look stronger to other countries

20. Those who are against the national bank
VA and other large states don’t like debt idea
Small farmers protest taxes &
National Bank
Some people think this isn’t right because it does not say in the constitution that we can have a national bank!

21. The govt decides to tax whiskey to make some money

22. Whiskey Rebellion Tries the New Nation 1794
PA farmers are mad about the excise tax on whiskey
They rebel

23. Proves federal/national power in domestic events
Whiskey Rebellion Tries the
New Nation 1794
Proves federal/national power in domestic events

24. Rebellions 1676 Bacon’s Rebellion 1786 Shay’s Rebellion
Whiskey Rebellion

25. Political Parties begin to develop
they are split over how to run the govt

26. The parties’ views of the national bank
Anti Federalist or Democratic-Republicans
Federalists
Supported Nat’l Bank – what the country needs for economic growth
Opposed the Nat’l
Bank – too much power in hands of govt

27. Foreign Affairs Trouble the New Nation

28. Foreign Troubles French Revolution Britain and France engaged in war
American neutrality declared
1. Jay’s Treaty
2. “Citizen Genet”
3. British impressment of sailors

29. Jay’s Treaty Jay’s Treaty – b/w Great Britain and US. Averted war
Settled issues which had been unresolved after the American Revolution and the Treaty of Paris 1783
3. Created what would be ten years of peaceful trade b/w US and GB
This made the Jeffersonian Republicans mad. They thought this treaty would only benefit the Hamiltonian Federalists

30. Political Parties begin to develop
they are split over how to run the govt

31. The parties’ views of Jay’s Treaty
Anti Federalist or Democratic-Republicans
Federalists
Jay’s Treaty is important to avoid war so we can concentrate on economic growth
Jay’s Treaty only helps northern manufacturers. It hurts Southern farmers.

32. Edmund Genet The Genet Affair
Edmund Genet – a French diplomat who comes to the U.S.
He doesn’t obey diplomatic procedure but instead starts recruiting Americans in the pubs to join in France’s Revolution
Washington demands he be sent home
Genet stays in the U.S. and becomes citizen
John Adams Pt 5 31:40-36:51 Genet and Jefferson resigns

33. Quasi War with France

34. British Impressment
Relations with Britain, still smarting from the loss of her colonies, worsened in the early 1790s
impressment of American seamen. They kidnap them off the boats & make them work on British ships
continuing British occupation of western posts within U.S. borders.

35. Impressment

36. Washington declares official American Neutrality

37. Political Parties begin to develop
they are split over how to run the govt

38. Federalists The parties’ views of Quasi War with France
Anti Federalist or Democratic-Republicans
Federalists
Quasi War with France is wrong. We should be against Britain and we should support French Revolution.
Support Quasi War with France. Britain is our trading partner and that is most important

39. Westward
Expansion

40. Domestic Disturbances
1783 Treaty of Paris never mentioned the Native Americans
The Native Americans want their tribal lands
British still in forts along the rich Ohio Valley
Americans want to move west into those rich farmlands past the Appalachian Mountains

41. Battle of Fallen Timbers 1792
Ohio area
Battle of Fallen Timbers
Gen. Wayne destroys the Indians and destroys the forest

42. 2nd President

43. The Election of 1796
Democratic-Republicans
nominate
Thomas Jefferson
Federalist
nominate
John Adams

45. XYZ Affair

46. Meanwhile, in France
XYZ Affair – French insult us by trying to bribe our diplomats

47. Are we at war with France?
It is a quasi –war…..

48. These acts threaten the First Amendment rights….freedom of
Americans are mad!
Federalist take advantage of the anger to pass the Alien and Sedition Acts
These acts threaten the First Amendment rights….freedom of
Speech, press, assembly, religion, etc.

49. Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien Act
Residence requirement now 14 years!
President can jail or deport any undesirable immigrant
Sedition Act
Jail for anyone interfering or uttering falsehoods about the gov’t

50. Thomas Jefferson James Madison
What about our 1st
Amendment rights?
Thomas Jefferson James Madison
(the Democratic-Republicans)
Saw this as THE PROOF of federal
gov’t abusing individual rights
Of course, they go to the States!

51. Jefferson and young Henry Clay from KY create a document The Virginia Kentucky Resolution
which says the states DO NOT have to obey the federal govt and Alien and Sedition Acts
it’s states v federal, again

52. States have the right to null and void any act of Congress
The Virginia Kentucky Resolution
States have the right to null and void any act of Congress
they think is unconstitutional
this is the principal of Nullification

53. Political Parties begin to develop
they are split over how to run the govt

54. Federalists The parties’ views of Alien and Sedition Act
Anti Federalist or Democratic-Republicans
Federalists
RIP
Alien and Sedition Acts prove the national govt is too strong and will trample the rights of the states!
Alien and Sedition Acts protect the govt in time of war

55. 3rd President

57. THE “MIDNIGHT JUDGES”
As Adams is about to leave office, he pushes through Congress the Judiciary Act of 1801
He adds 16 new federal judges!

58. JEFFERSON’S REACTION TO ADAMS’ “PACKING THE COURT”
Furious! – Jeff argues that some of the documents authorizing the appointments had not been delivered by the time Adams left office, they were invalid
THIS LED TO ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT COURT CASES OF ALL TIME:
MARBURY v. MADISON

59. This creates the case of Marbury v Madison which is one of THE MOST IMPORTANT COURT DECISIONS in U.S. history
The Supreme Court has the power to judge a law to be constitutional or not constitutional

60. Eli Whitney invents the Cotton Gin

61. Louisiana Purchase 1803 New territory investigated by Lewis and Clark
Led by Native woman Sacajaweah

62. Embargo Act of 1807

63. War Is Approaching The War of 1812

64. We go to war with Britain – again!

65. War Hawks They are mad. They think Britain is hurting us in 1. trade
2. Impressment
3. Still own some of land in northern Ohio areas.
They want war.

66. War of 1812
War in Canada and at sea.
British in DC
Andrew Jackson in battle of New Orleans
Treaty of Ghent

67. Life After the War of 1812
Life is good…