1. ______ are what the writer brainstorms and are the heart of the message. ideas Essential Knowledge Survey

2. Details that are clear and specific that paint a picture in your mind are___ ___. showing details

3. Your______ is who or what you are as you write. role

4. An _____ is to whom you are writing. audience

5. The_____ is the organization, plan, style or arrangement of a writing piece. format

6. What the prompt is asking you to write about is the ________. topic

7. The word that helps you express the purpose of the of your paper, such as inform, persuade or express, is the _____ _____. strong verb

8. The ________ is the reason why the piece is written. purpose

9. An _____ paper gives information about a topic. informative

10. A ______ paper tries to convince the reader that the writer’s point of view is the correct one. persuasive

11. An ______ paper shows the readers personality, creativity and emotions. expressive

12. Details that are factual/true are___ ___. accurate details

13. The ________ of a piece is the internal structure of the piece. organization

14. The rate at which the writer introduces new ideas to the reader is the _____ of the writing. pacing

15. _______ is the order in which your main ideas or events are placed. sequencing

16. Words that are used to connect main ideas are called______. transitions

17. The paragraph that grabs the reader’s attention and provides the thesis statement is the ______. introduction

18. The last part of a writing piece that sums up the main points and restates the thesis is the ______. conclusion

19. The attention grabbing first few sentences of an introduction is called the_____. lead

20. The _____ of a piece is the personal tone and flavor of the authors message. voice

21. When writing urges or calls you forth to do something, it is _______. compelling

22. If something is ______ it is attracts and holds your attention. engaging

23. Someone who is eager and/or serious is ________. earnest

24. If the language in a sentence has a steady rhythm and flow, it has ______ ______. sentence fluency

25. The vocabulary a writer chooses to convey meaning is _____ _____. word choice

26. When a word is ______ it is highly accurate in meaning. precise

27. To _______ is to make something more clear and understandable. clarify

28. _______ are the mechanical correctness of a paper. _______ are the mechanical correctness of a paper. conventions

29. When using numbers in writing, numbers ___ to ___ would be in word form. 1-100

30. Conversation is referred to as _______. dialogue

31. ________always requires punctuation (comma, explanation point, question mark, or period) at the end, within the quotation. dialogue

32. ______ are two or more words that sound alike but have different spellings and different meanings. homophones

33. A ______ is a shortened form of two words. contraction

34. An____ is a punctuation mark used to form the possessive case of nouns and some pronouns. apostrophe

35. To form a contraction, use an ______ to show where letters or numerals have been omitted. apostrophe

36. A _____ is generally used to separate words or groups of words so that the meaning of the sentence is clear. comma

37. Place a ____ between items and names in a series (except when referring to color or age.) comma

38. Use a ____ to separate two or more adjectives preceding a noun. comma

39. Use a _____ before a coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, nor, or, so, or yet). comma

40. Use a ____ to set off a mild exclamation such as well or oh at the beginning of a sentence. comma

41. Use a ____ after an introductory phrase or clause. comma

42. Use a ____ after the salutation of a personal letter and after the closing of any letter. comma

43. Use a ____ to set off the words of a direct address. comma

44. Use a ___________ between a list of items, especially after expressions like as follows or the following. comma

45. Use ______ for the first letter in a sentence, proper noun, and for the word I. capitalization

46. ______ is the use of standard marks and signs in writing to separate words into sentences, clauses, and phrases in order to clarify meaning. punctuation

47. A ____ is a word or word group that is used to name a person, place, thing or an idea. noun

48. A ____ ____ is made up of two or more words used together as a single noun. compound noun

49. A ____ _____ names any one of a group of persons, places, things, or ideas. common noun

50. A ____ ____ names a particular/specific person, place, thing or idea. proper noun

51. A ____ is a word used in place of one or more nouns or pronouns. pronoun

52. An ____ modifies a noun or pronoun by telling what kind, which one, how much, or how many. adjective

53. The most frequent used adjectives are a, an and the. These are called _____. articles

54. A ____ is a word used to express action or a state of being. verb

55. A _________ __________ helps the main verb express action or a state of being. helping verb

56. An ____ ____ is a verb that expresses either physical or mental activity. action verb

57. A ____ ____ connects the subject to a word or word group that identifies or describes the subject. linking verb

58. A _____ is a word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word. preposition

59. A ______ is a word used to join words or word groups. conjunction

60. When a word refers to one person, place, thing or idea, it is singular in _____. When a word refers to multiple people, places or things, it is plural in _____. number

61. A ___-___ ______ is two or more complete sentences run together as one. run-on sentence

62. A ______ ______ is a group of words that is punctuated as if it was a complete sentence, but does not contain both a subject and a verb or does not express a complete thought. sentence fragment

63. A ______ ______ contains one independent clause and no subordinate clauses. simple sentence

64. A ______ ______ contains two or more independent clauses and no subordinate clause. compound sentence

65. A ______ ______ contains one independent clause and at least one subordinate clause. complex sentence

66. A ________ __________ is the nonstandard use of two negative words to express a single negative idea. double negative

67. ___________ is what you know, your background knowledge, and the experiences that you bring to your reading. schema

68. ___________ are when you are able to relate what you read to personal experience, other stories, and world events. connections

69. A _____ - __ - ______ connection is when you relate what you are reading to your own experiences. text-to-self

70. A ____ - __ - ____ connection is when you relate what you are reading to something else you have read. text-to-text

71. A _____ - __ - _____ connection is when you relate what you are reading to events, issues, and people. text-to-world

72. ________ is when you create pictures in your mind while you read. visualizing

73. When a reader combines what they know (schema) with what they picture in their mind (visualizing) to make an educated guess about events in a book it is called _______. inferring

74. _______ is when a reader makes and educated guess about what will happen next in a story. predicting

75. _______ helps readers understand the text on a deeper level by eliminating confusion and stimulating interest in the topic. questioning

76. The _______ is the series of events that make up a story. plot

77. The main idea in a work of literature is the _________. theme

78. _______ is the use of clues or hints to suggest events that will occur later in the story. foreshadowing

79. _______ __ ______ demonstrates different ways of looking at things. point of view

80. The reason why the author wrote a piece of literature is the _______ ________. author’s purpose

81. _______ _______ is the topic; main point of the story. main idea

82. A division of a poem consisting of two or more lines arranged together as a unit is a _________. stanza

83. _________ is a struggle between opposing characters or forces. conflict

84. ________ _______ is the battle between a character and itself. internal conflict

85. ________ _______ is the battle between a character and an outside force (such as man, nature, machine, and society.) external conflict

86. The way a writer reveals his character is _________. characterization

87. An ___________ is a character or force that opposes the protagonist. antagonist

88. The ___________ is a character that is the hero; heroine. protagonist

89. ________ ________ is writing or language that is not meant to be interpreted literally. figurative language

90. A comparison of two unlike things using the words like, as, or than is a ___________. simile

91. A figure of speech in which non-human objects are given human characteristics is _________. personification

92. The repetition of the same consonant sounds or the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables is _________. alliteration

93. A ___________ is a comparison between unlike things without using a specific word of comparison such as like, as or than. metaphor

94. A brief story told in order to make a point is an ________. anecdote

95. A ___________ is the action that results in an effect, result, or consequence. cause

96. An _______ is brought on by a cause, or is the end result of an action. effect

97. The _________ is the most suspenseful moment or turning-point in a story. climax

98. ______ _____ are hints in a text that help you figure out a word’s meaning. context clues

99. Writing that is made up rather than true is _________. fiction

100. ________ is writing or language that appeals to the senses and evokes images. imagery

101. _________ is writing that deals with real people, things, events, and places. nonfiction

102. _________is a kind of rhythmic, compressed writing that uses figures of speech and imagery designed to appeal to emotions and imagination. poetry

103. A _________ is a repetition of accented vowel sounds and all sounds following them in words that are close together in writing or poetry. A _________ is a repetition of accented vowel sounds and all sounds following them in words that are close together in writing or poetry.rhyme

104. The ___________ is the time and place of a story, play or poem. setting

105. The uncertainty or anxiety that reader feels about what will happen next in the story, novel, or drama is __________. suspense

106. Using ______ means you are proving your ideas with additional information and details. support

107. To ___________ is to assert or express the opposite of. contradict

108. To ___________ is to look at or state similarities and/or differences. compare

109. To_____ is to compare differences. contrast

110. To _______ is to state the meaning of a word. define

111. A _______ is an advantage. benefit

112. A ___________ is an undesirable feature; disadvantage. drawback

113. To ________ is to give a detailed account in writing. describe

114. To ______ means to make clear or understandable. explain

115. When you ___________ you judge or determine the significance, worth, or quality of. evaluate

116. When you cover the main points, concisely; briefly you________. summarize