1. Roderick Best 6th World Congress on Family Law and Children’s Rights 17 – 30 March 2013 Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre Child heritage vs child familial identity

2. 2 Is the legal status of the relationship between the carer and the child relevant when waiting to preserve the child’s identity and permit a long term stable placement

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4. Continuum of legal relationships for a child away from parents Foster care Guardianship Parenting orders Adoption 4

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6. Importance of identity and culture UN Convention on the Rights of the Child Aboriginal Placement Principles Cultural Planning 6

7. Director-General, DoCS vs D (2007) NSWSC 762 Removal near time of birth Single placement to time of judgement when child is 4 years Sudanese birth parents Anglo Celtic carers No anticipated restoration 7

8. Director-General, DoCS Vs D Strong connection with ethnicity and culture of origin Attachment Adoption vs parenting orders 8

9. Adoptions Establishes a new family Severs significant links with birth family – but ‘open’ adoption Best outcomes the younger the child is adopted Best outcomes with known adoptive parents High levels of emotional security Strong sense of belonging Greater perseverance Contact encouraged 9

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11. Tracey (2011) NSWCA 43 Lives with family in Cambodia for first 14 months Travels to Australia where put in care following mothers immediate incarceration Placed with mother and adult daughter as carers: neither Khmer No anticipated restoration 11

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13. Fostering Limited parenting rights Best outcomes for older children coming into care Difficulties with multiple placements and poorer health and education outcomes Insecurity in placement vs clear connections with birth family Strength through involving kin 13

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15. Conclusion 15 Promote legal relationship that is child centred by balancing range of issues for child’s welfare including: Stability Secure loving relationship Cultural identity

16. Thank you Cartoons courtesy The New Yorker and Peanuts Worldwide LLC 16