1. H-1 Heliac: Parameters 3 period heliac: 1992 Major radius1m Minor radius0.1-0.2m Vacuum chamber33m 2 Aspect ratio5+ Magnetic Field1 Tesla (0.2 DC) Heating Power0.2(0.4)MW GHz ECH 0.3MW 6-25MHz ICH Parameters: achieved / expected n3e18/1e19 T~100eV(T i )/0.5-1keV(T e )  0.1/0.5%

2. H-1 Heliac: Parameters 3 period heliac: 1992 Major radius1m Minor radius0.1-0.2m Vacuum chamber33m 2 Aspect ratio5+ Magnetic Field1 Tesla (0.2 DC) Heating Power0.2(0.4)MW GHz ECH 0.3MW 6-25MHz ICH Parameters: achieved / expected n3e18/1e19 T~100eV(T i )/0.5-1keV(T e )  0.1/0.5% Complex geometry requires minimum 2D diagnostic Cross-section of the magnet structure showing a 3x11 channel tomographic diagnostic

3. Plasma production and heating: resonant and non-resonant RF 10 18 m -3 Non-resonant heating is flexible in B 0, works better at low fields. Resonant heating is much more successful at high fields.  =  Ch on axis Magnetic Field (T) helicon/frame antenna Update with helium, Tesla

4. 2D electron density tomography coherent drift mode in argon, 0.08T H density profile evolution (0.5T rf) Helical axis  non-circular  need true 2D Raw chordal dataTomographically inverted data

5. radius Ion Temperature Camera Hollow Ti at low B 0 0102030 time (ms) Intensity temperature rotation

6. Confinement transitions in H-1 “Pressure” (I s ) profile evolution during transition transition P RF (kW) B 0 (T) many features in common with large machines associated with edge shear in Er easily reproduced and investigated Parameter space map,  ~ 1.4

7. ExB and ion bulk rotation velocity in high confinement mode: magnetic structure causes viscous damping of rotation 0 0 V p, V t << V ExB ~ 1/(neB) dP i /dr Radial force balance Mass (ion) flow velocities much smaller than corresponding V ExB Bulk Rotation Impeded

8. ExB and ion bulk rotation velocity in low and high confinement modes 0 0 V p, V t << V ExB ~ 1/(neB) dP i /dr Radial force balance Mass (ion) flow velocities much smaller than corresponding V ExB Fluctuations are Doppler shifted by electron ExB drift

9. Radial force balance is dominated by the ion pressure gradient and the radial electric field and is satisfied on average Radial force balance 0 0

10. Ion Temperature Camera Hollow Ti at low B 0 T i as rf power is ramped