1. Biological Testing FacilityBi Monitoring of genetically modified animals Biological Testing Facility Large numbers of GM mice are clinically normal…. Which mouse is genetically modified?

2. Biological Testing FacilityBi And what about me? Some inbred strains ( eg. NOD/Lt) and mutants also need special monitoring Biological Testing Facility

3. Biological Testing FacilityBi Detecting problem phenotypes….the new line Imports - obtain information from donor institute and monitor closely on arrival New transgenics/ knockouts etc - researchers generally study phenotype A new cross - obtain information from the researcher about likely phenotype and monitor pups Biological Testing Facility

4. Biological Testing FacilityBi Monitoring the new line… Check health at regular time points- neonate, preweaning, weaning, different stages of adulthood Any sick mice or mice found dead should be genotyped and cause of illness investigated Biological Testing Facility

5. Biological Testing FacilityBi On-going monitoring of lines with known problem phenotypes Information on line available in animal room & if necessary flag or label cages Training technician in detection of known health problem Biological Testing Facility

6. Biological Testing FacilityBi Don’t let monitoring cause problems… Avoid disturbing neonates for close monitoring unless there is clear evidence of neonatal losses. Streamline record keeping - let staff concentrate on the animals Pre-weaning mortality figures can be misleading Train technicians to recognize background phenotypes Biological Testing Facility

7. Biological Testing FacilityBi Breeding to minimise impact of phenotype Lines can be maintained as heterozygous to minimise the impact of phenotype or bred on different backgrounds Usually increases wastage associated with breeding Refinement versus Reduction Biological Testing Facility

8. Biological Testing FacilityBi Role of AEC Ensure systems are in place to detect and monitor problem phenotypes Researchers should report on any adverse findings Ensure that welfare of mice, not submission of forms is the principle objective Biological Testing Facility