1. Sketching & Dimensioning

2. Pictorial Drawings Shows an object like you would see in a photograph
Give a three dimensional view of a room or structure
Three common types
Isometric
Oblique
Perspective

3. Pictorial Sketch of Kitchen

4. Isometric Drawings The most common pictorials
Constructed with the two faces 30 degrees above the horizontal
The axes are 120 degrees between each axis
Lines that are horizontal are drawn at 30 degrees
Vertical lines remain vertical

5. Isometric of a Cube

6. Isometric Dimensioning
Dimension lines are parallel to the isometric axes
Extension lines are extended in line with these axes

7. Isometric Dimensioning

8. Oblique Drawings
The front view is draw like it would be using orthographic projection
The front view shows all features with true shape and size
The top and side view are then projected back from the front view
Views can be at any angle
15, 30 or 45 degrees are common

9. Oblique Drawings Cont.
Useful when the front contains more details and features than the side view
A mental image can be created more quickly than with orthographic alone
Two types of oblique drawings
cavalier
cabinet

10. Oblique Drawing

11. Cavalier Oblique The entire drawing uses the same scale
Sometimes creates a distorted appearance

12. Cavalier Oblique Drawing

13. Cabinet Oblique Measurements on the receding axes are reduced by half
More visually realistic representation
Often used for drawing cabinets

14. Cabinet Oblique Drawing

15. Perspective Drawings The most realistic of all pictorial drawings
Receding lines in the drawing “meet” at a vanishing point instead of being parallel
Eliminates distortion at the back part of pictorial drawings
Two types
parallel (one-point) perspective
angular (two point) perspective

16. Perspective Drawing

17. Parallel Perspective (One Point)
One face of the object is shown as the front view
Lines parallel to the front view remain parallel
Lines that are perpendicular to the front view converge at a SINGLE VANISHING POINT

18. Angular Perspective (Two-Point)
Similar to isometric drawings
One edge of the object is place in front
The two faces that meet at this edge recede to DIFFERENT VANISHING POINTS
All lines parallel to each face go to the different vanishing points

19. Angular Perspective Drawing

20. Horizon Below Object

21. Exploded Pictorial Drawings
Used to show relative position of parts or construction details
Used to clarify assembly sequence
Common in appliance and cabinetry service manuals

22. Exploded Pictorial Drawing

23. Dimensioning Standards
Standards are different in different career areas.
Civil, Electrical, Construction and other areas follow similar practices, but sometimes with less need for precision in measurements.
Dimensioned drawings are a part of a contractual document.

24. Dimension Lines Various means to terminating ends
arrow head
dot
tick
Normally, dimensions are shown ABOVE dimension line
If dimension is needed for construction, it should be on drawing
Do not included unnecessary dimensions

25. Types of Dimension Lines

26. Dimensioning Floor Plans
Frame Construction
dimensions usually start at the exterior surface of the stud wall
interior walls usually dimensioned to the center of partitions

27. Window and Door Openings
Frame Construction
Located by their center lines

28. Window and Door Openings
Masonry Construction
Openings are dimensioned to the edges of the masonry surface openings