1. Synthetic Biology Part 1: Introduction Input Output Gene A Gene B Gene C 1

2. micro.magnet.fsu.edu Prokaryotic cell

3. Cell-Cell communication in prokaryotes http://parts.mit.edu/igem07/index.php/Chiba/Communicati on 3

4. DNA RNA PROTEIN Transcription by RNA polymerase Translation by ribosomes Flow of genetic information 4

5. DNA structure 5

6. Gene structure Gene Promoter Coding sequenceTerminator chromosome 6

7. RNA Transcription start site Promoter Gene structure Terminator 7

8. Promoter structure 8

9. bioap.wikispaces.com Transcription 9

10. 10

11. Transcription 11

12. AUGUGA Ribosome binding site to initiate translation Start codon (first amino acid of the protein) Stop codon (signal to end protein synthesis) = untranslated region 5’3’ mRNA structure 12

13. +1 -10 Box TATAA -35 Box TTGTCA RNA Core promoter = Binding site for RNA polymerase In this configuration transcription is ON RNA Pol Transcription 13

14. RNA +1 RNA Pol A A = Activator of transcription bad promoter Transcription 14

15. +1 -10 box -35 box operator R R = Repressor In this configuration RNA Polymerase cannot bind transcription is OFF X Repression of transcription 15

16. The lactose operon of E. coli R lacI repressor R -35 O -10 Transcription is OFF Active repressor X Repression of transcription 16

17. The lactose operon of E. coli R lacI repressor -35 O -10 Transcription is ON Inactive repressor = inducer (lactose) RNA Pol X Induction of gene expression 17

18. AUGUGA 5’3’ 5’ siRNA Binding of siRNA causes mRNA degradation Translation X Silencing by antisense RNA 18

19. AUGUGA 5’3’ Ribozymes + aptamer RNA cleavage Repression by mRNA cleavage 19

20. AUGUGA Ribosome binding site to initiate translation Start codon (first amino acid of the protein) Stop codon (signal to end protein synthesis) = untranslated region 5’3’ mRNA structure 20

21. Translation 21

22. brooklyn.cuny.edu The genetic code 22

23. Protein structure biochem.arizona.edu 23