1. October 3, 2012 Prof. Paul Kurowski
ES1050 – Introductory Engineering Design and Innovation Studio
Graphics I Sketching
October 3, 2012
Prof. Paul Kurowski

2. Sketching in Engineering
Objectives
Demonstrate the Importance of Sketching.
Introduce Sketching Techniques
Drawing simple lines and curves, using construction lines, bounding lines, etc.

4. The Importance of Sketching
Sketching quickly communicates design ideas.
It’s a necessary skill for any technical person.
Often part of the creative process – Generation of Design Concepts.
Helps to visualize 3D objects from 2D images.
Used extensively in Engineering.

5. Sketches from Leonardo da Vinci’s Design Notebook

6. Thomas Edison's Sketches
A sketch showing the basic circuit for energizing a discharge tube.
First sketch of the phonograph, 1877

8. The Importance of Sketching
Not Just for Design - Engineering Inspections

9. The Importance of Sketching
Not Just for Design - Engineering Inspections

10. Sketching is used throughout the design process to communicate information

11. The Role of Sketching Talking sketches Thinking sketches
Informal communication
Thinking sketches
To help you think creatively
Prescriptive sketches
Document design ideas

12. Example in Design
Problem Definition:
Sketch shows cross-section of a Hong Kong skyscraper tested in the wind tunnel.
Tuned mass damper required to prevent excessive vibrations.

13. Example in Design
Preliminary Idea Generation:
After considering other alternatives, a pendulum damper was selected as the best option.
The design progressed with this basic shape.

14. Example in Design Constraints:
After some detailed engineering calculations, the final requirements were determined and details could be worked out with sketches.
The final unit has to meet all of the constraints.

15. Example in Design

16. The Importance of Sketching
Plan good for Layout and Cost.
But how will it look?

17. The Importance of Sketching
Evaluate Options/Different Concepts
Helps to visualize in 3-D.

18. The Importance of Sketching
To help sort out the details.

19. Sketching is based on the interactive process of seeing, imagining and representing

20. Interesting optical illusion, but not a good engineering sketch!

21. Interesting optical illusion, but not good engineering sketches!

22. What do you need…
Sketching tools - pencils, paper and a big eraser – note: no ruler necessary.
patience and practice – with these you can be good at making quick, clear, well-proportioned sketches regardless of your experience or natural ability

23. Contour Sketching – a Practice Technique

24. Contour Sketching

25. Fundamental Techniques
Straight Lines
Curved Lines
Construction Lines and Proportions
Lettering

26. Straight Lines
Begin using grid paper, or the clear side of graph paper.
Mark the endpoints of the line to be drawn
Lines should be straight, continuous and dark with uniform thickness

27. Straight Lines
Long lines are difficult. Use grid paper as a guide or reduce the size of the sketch.
Do not fix paper to the table, and rotate it to find an easier angle for drawing lines.
Draw away from yourself or at a slight angle.
Relax your hand.

28. Straight Lines Good No! No! No! Mechanical MARK END-POINTS Sketched

29. Line Types

30. Line Precedence Visible lines have top priority
Hidden lines do not cross or have priority over visible lines
Centre lines do not cross or have priority over visible or hidden lines

31. Construction Lines
The first step is drawing construction lines that form the backbone the sketch.
These very light thin lines roughly layout some of the details
Do not erase them!

32. Curved Lines
Curved lines are essentially interpolations between 2 or more points. These points are typically marked as intersecting lines or tangents
Control the degree of curvature - not too flat, not too curved
Circles and ellipses require construction lines.

33. Curved Lines

34. Circles and Ellipses Small circles Large circles Use center lines
Use scrap paper with radius marked on it as a guide

35. Circles and Ellipses

36. Use diagonals to proportion
Locating the center of squares and rectangles
Use construction lines to draw diagonals. Diagonals can be used to construct new rectangles

37. Creating a Proportioned Sketch
Use multiple steps to create lightly sketched rectangles and squares then used them as guides for final sketch

38. Lettering Suggested sequence of strokes
This can be a guide for hand lettering of technical drawings

39. Sketching in Engineering
Review
Demonstrate the Importance of Sketching.
Introduce Sketching Techniques
Drawing simple lines and curves, using construction lines, bounding lines, etc.
Next Class
Types of Engineering Drawings
Projections
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