1. CSC343: Intro. to Databases1 Tutorial for CSC343 Introduction to Databases Fall 2006 Week 2

2. CSC343: Intro. to Databases2 T.A. and Tutorials Yuan An yuana@cs.toronto.edu Tutorials: Week 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 (10 times). Week 6: Postgres SQL by Kiran Gollu. Week 8: Midterm (no tutorial). Some even-numbered questions. Answers for odd-numbered questions: –http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~dbbook/openAccess/thirdEdit ion/supporting_material.htm

3. CSC343: Intro. to Databases3 Exercise E. 3.2 How many distinct tuples are in a relation instance with cardinality 22? Answer: Since a relation is formally defined as, if the cardinality is 22 (i.e., there are ), there must be distinct tuples.

4. CSC343: Intro. to Databases4 Exercise E. 3.4 What is the difference between a candidate key and the primary key for a given relation? What is a superkey? Answer: The primary key is the selected by the DBA from among the. A candidate key. A superkey is that.

5. CSC343: Intro. to Databases5 Exercise Superkeys: Candidate keys: Primary key:

6. CSC343: Intro. to Databases6 Exercise Superkeys: Candidate keys: Primary key:

7. CSC343: Intro. to Databases7 Exercise Superkeys: Candidate keys: Primary key:

8. CSC343: Intro. to Databases8 Exercise E. 3.6 What is a foreign key constraint? Why are such constraints important? What is referential integrity? Answer: A foreign key constraint requires that the values on a set X of attributes of a relation R1 must appear as values for of.

9. CSC343: Intro. to Databases9 Exercise E. 3.6 Answer: Foreign key constraints are important because they provide safeguards for insuring the of data. Referential integrity means all are enforced.

10. CSC343: Intro. to Databases10 Exercise

11. CSC343: Intro. to Databases11 Table Definition An SQL table consists of an ordered set of attributes, and a (possibly empty) set of constraints Statement create table defines a relation schema, creating an empty instance. Syntax: create table TableName ( AttributeName Domain [ DefaultValue ] [ Constraints ] {, AttributeName Domain [ DefaultValue ] [ Constraints ] } [ OtherConstraints ] )

12. CSC343: Intro. to Databases12 Example of create table create table Employee ( RegNo character(6) primary key, FirstName character(20) not null, Surname character(20) not null, Dept character (15) references Department(DeptName) on delete set null on update cascade, Salary numeric(9) default 0, City character(15), unique(Surname,FirstName) )

13. CSC343: Intro. to Databases13 Example create table Employee ( RegNo char(6), FirstName char(20) not null, Surname char(20) not null, Dept char(15), Salary numeric(9) default 0, City char(15), primary key(RegNo), foreign key(Dept) references Department(DeptName) on delete set null on update cascade, unique(FirstName,Surname) )

14. CSC343: Intro. to Databases14 Exercise E. 3.8 Answer each of the following questions briefly. The questions are based on the following relational schema: –Emp (eid: integer, ename: string, age: integer, salary: real) –Works (eid: integer, did: integer, pcttime: integer) –Dept (did: integer, dname: string, budget: real, managerid: integer)

15. CSC343: Intro. to Databases15 Exercise Q1. Give an example of a foreign key constraint that involves the Dept relation. What are the options for enforcing this constraint when a user attempts to delete a Dept tuple?

16. CSC343: Intro. to Databases16 Exercise A1: CREATE TABLE (,, )

17. CSC343: Intro. to Databases17 Exercise When a user attempts to delete a Dept tuple, there are four options: 1.Also delete all tuples that refer to it. 2.Disallow the of the Dept tuple if some tuple refers to it. 3.For every tuple that refers to it, set the did field to the did of some. 4.For every tuple that refers to it, set the did field to.

18. CSC343: Intro. to Databases18 Exercise Q2. Write the SQL statements required to create the preceding relations, including appropriate versions of all primary and foreign key integrity constraints.