1. VC1D VC WASH Cluster – Emergency Training 1 Vector Control Module 1D Schistosomiasis

2. VC1D VC WASH Cluster – Emergency Training 2 Schistosomiasis distribution Worldwide: 200 million people infected

3. VC1D VC WASH Cluster – Emergency Training 3 Snails Miracidia Cercariae Life cycle Schistosome eggs

4. VC1D VC WASH Cluster – Emergency Training Worms swim to peoples feet and burrow in! Intermediate host snails: A Bulinus transmits Schistosoma haematobium

5. VC1D VC WASH Cluster – Emergency Training Schisto exposure Washing clothes in a pond containing intermediate host snails, a source of schisto infection.

6. VC1D VC WASH Cluster – Emergency Training Water project dangers After the Navrongo irrigation dam (Ghana) was built, the incidence of schistosomiasis increased dramatically up to 87% prevalence.

7. VC1D VC WASH Cluster – Emergency Training 7 Symptoms of Schistosomiasis abdominal pain diarrhoea blood in the stool or urine liver enlargement is common in advanced cases In women, urogenital schistosomiasis may present with genital lesions, vaginal bleeding, pain during sexual intercourse and nodules in the vulva. In men, urogenital schistosomiasis can induce pathology of the seminal vesicles, prostate and other organs. In sub-Saharan Africa, more than 200 000 deaths per year are due to schistosomiasis.

8. VC1D VC WASH Cluster – Emergency Training 8 Control measures (1) Drugs to reduce number of eggs in infected person Reduce snail population Reduce release of eggs from snails Engineer ways to reduce the need for contact with water

9. VC1D VC WASH Cluster – Emergency Training 9 Control measures (2) Hygienic disposal of faeces Molluscocides can be used to control schito Grass cutting on river edges can be effective for controlling schistosomiasis snails

10. VC1D VC WASH Cluster – Emergency Training 10 Control Environmental control Mollusciciding